COMPETITIVE STRATEGY - Dolly Dhamodiwala

UNDERSTANDING COMPETITION IN MY INDUSTRY What is driving Competition in my Industry? What Actions are Competitors likely to take? What is the best way to respond? How will my Industry evolve? How can my firm be best positioned to compete in the long run?

FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING THE STRUCTURE OF INDUSTRY What are the Competitive Forces acting on an Industry? What are the Implications of these Forces? What are the techniques for Analyzing Competitors and their Moves?

WHEEL OF COMPETITIVE STRATEGY Competitive Strategy is a combination of the Ends (Goals) for which the firm is striving and the Means (Policies) by which is it seeking to get there

WHEEL OF COMPETITIVE STRATEGY GOALS form the hub of the wheel The objectives of the firm- profitability, growth in sales, market share, social responsiveness, etc. The SPOKES of the wheel are the policies which radiate from and reflect the goals

FACTORS DETERMINING COMPETITIVE STRATEGY STRENGTHS & WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES & THREATS Factors Internal to the Company Factors External to the Company COMPETITIVE STRATEGY PERSONAL VALUES BROADER SOCIETAL EXPECTATIONS

FACTORS DETERMINING COMPETITIVE STRATEGY Internal Factors Company’s Strengths & Weaknesses Its Assets & Skills relative to Competitors Financial Resources Technological Posture Brand Identification Personal Values of the Organization Motivation & Needs of Key Executives and other Personnel

FACTORS DETERMINING COMPETITIVE STRATEGY External Factors Industry Opportunities & Threats Competitive Environment Its Risks and Potential Rewards Societal Expectations Impact of Government Policies Impact of Social Concerns

UNDERSTANDING 5 FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION Essence of formulating a Competitive Strategy is relating a company to its environment The environment for a company is the industry in which it operates Competition in industry depends on 5 basic forces Collective strength of these forces determines the profit potential in the industry Profit is determined by long term return on invested capital Effective competitive strategy involves finding an ideal position in the industry where the company can best defend against these forces or influence them in its favor

UNDERSTANDING 5 FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION POTENTIAL ENTRANTS Threat of new entrants INDUSTRY COMPETITORS Rivalry among existing firms Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of buyers SUPPLIERS BUYERS Threat of new substitute products & services SUBSTITUES

UNDERSTANDING 5 FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION All 5 forces jointly determine the intensity of industry competition Assessing these forces helps in: Understanding strengths & weaknesses of the company Identifying areas where strategic changes yield greatest payoff Highlighting areas where industry trends promise to hold greatest significance as opportunities or threats Considering areas for diversification

THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS Threat of new entrants depends on : Economies of Scale Product Differentiation Capital Requirements Switching Costs Access to Distribution Channels Cost Disadvantages independent of Scale Government Policy Expected Retaliation Entry deterring Price

RIVALRY AMONG EXISTING COMPETITORS Intensity of rivalry among existing competitors depends on: Numerous or few equally balanced competitors Slow industrial growth High fixed or storage costs Lack of product differentiation Over capacity Diverse competitors High strategic stakes High exit barriers

THREAT OF NEW SUBSTITUTES Substitutes limit the potential returns of an industry in terms of profits Substitutes limit the ability of the company to charge higher prices It is crucial to identify substitute products that can perform same or similar functions

BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS Bargaining Power of Buyers depends on : Large volumes of purchases relative to sellers’ sales Products purchased represent a substantial proportion of the buyers’ overall purchasing costs Products purchased are standard or undifferentiated Switching costs are low Buyers’ profits are low

BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS Buyers pose a credible threat of backward integration Products purchased are not critically important to the quality of the final products Buyers are knowledgeable about demand, market price & supply costs Retailers can influence the purchasers Government policies are in favor of buyers

BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS A supplier group is powerful if: It is dominated by a few companies Competition from substitutes is marginal The buyer groups are not critical customers of suppliers Inputs supplied are critical to the buyers Suppliers’ products are differentiated and have high switching costs Suppliers pose threats of forward integration Government policies favor suppliers

EFFECTIVE COMPETITIVE STRATEGY Competitive strategy must place the firm in a defendable position against all the five forces This entails: Positioning the firm in the best defense or most favorable position i.e. matching company’s strengths and weaknesses to the structure of the industry Influencing the balance of forces through strategic moves – altering the forces through innovative marketing and production techniques Anticipating shifts in the factors affecting the forces and responding to them - responding effectively to changes in growth rates, vertical integration, maturity of markets, etc.

GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES Creating a defendable position in the industry means coping effectively with the five competitive forces Three approaches to successful competitive strategy ; Overall cost leadership – Low cost relative to competitors Product differentiation – through innovative technologies, design or brand image Focus – Serving a particular target market, geographical location or product line more effectively than competitors