© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Bones 1 Bones

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Bones 2 What you will learn about in this topic: 1.The names of the main bones 2.The different types of bones 3.How bones help when playing sport

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Bones 3 Learning objectives By the end of this presentation you should be able to: Understand the different types of bones Describe the names of the main bones Explain how different bones help the sportsperson

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system The bones of the skeleton Bones 4

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Bone shapes There are four classifications of shapes of bone: Bones 5 1.Short (for example, the carpals in the hand) 2.Flat (for example, the scapula in the shoulder) 3.Long (for example, the humerus in the thigh) 4.Irregular (for example, the patella in the knee)

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Bones 6 Humerus Metacarpals Sternum Cheekbone Pelvis Carpals Femur Patella Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Cranium Clavicle Scapula Ribs Vertebrae Radius Ulna Phalanges Fibula Tibia Jawbone

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system How bones help the sportsperson Bones 7 Bones have different uses depending on where they are in the body. Some, like the vertebrae, work together and act as a shock absorber.

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Short bones are specialists for fine movements, especially those of the hand. For example, when putting spin on a ball in cricket. Bones 8 Carpals

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Flat bones are tough and can withstand hard impact. For example, a rugby player’s internal organs are protected by his ribcage during a tackle. Ribcage Bones 9

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Long bones create leverage when playing sport, helping to generate speed, force and power, for example, when bowling a ball. Bones 10 Femur

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Irregular bones protect. For example, the patella stops hyperextension at the knee and provides movement-based stability. Bones 11 Patella

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Task 1 Using the illustrations on the next slide, decide for yourself which are long bones, short bones, irregular bones and flat bones. Bones 12

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Bones 13 Humerus Metacarpals Sternum Cheekbone Pelvis Carpals Femur Patella Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Cranium Clavicle Scapula Ribs Vertebrae Radius Ulna Phalanges Fibula Tibia Jawbone Key Long Short Irregular Flat (plate)

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system The vertebrae are irregular bones. 33 of these bones make up the vertebral column. They are placed in five groups according to where they are along the vertebral column. When players land from a jump it is the vertebrae that help reduce the shock on their feet Bones 14

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Cervical vertebrae (7) allow different movements at the top of the spine. The top two vertebrae are called the atlas and the axis. Bones 15

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Cervical thoracic vertebrae (12): Ten of these are attached to the ribs and help movement when breathing. Bones 16

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Lumbar vertebrae (5) are the most robust as they take a lot of weight. They are large because they are in the area that allows the most movement. Bones 17

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Sacrum (5) become fused together in adulthood. They make up part of the pelvic girdle. Bones 18 The vertebrae of the coccyx (4) are all fused together.

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system All the vertebrae fit together neatly to protect the spinal cord, which is the main method of nerve impulse transmission from the brain to the muscles. This is an important job as any damage to the cord can cause paralysis. Bones 19

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system In between the vertebrae there are cartilage discs. These help stop damage, wear and tear and grinding down of the vertebrae through constant movement. Bones 20

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Task 2 1.In pairs or a group of three, write down all the main bones of the body on cue cards. 2.In your pair or group, put together a labelled skeleton showing the main bones of the body. Bones 21

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Task 3 Create a glossary of terms for bones including their name and function. Bones 22

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Bones 23 What you have learnt in this topic: 1.The names of the main bones 2.The different types of bones 3.How bones help when playing sport

© Folens 2009 FOR EDEXCEL A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system Bones 24 Learning objectives You should now be able to: Understand the different types of bones Describe the names of the main bones Explain how different bones help the sportsperson