Naming and Writing acids

What are Binary Acids? Binary means two elements Acid means it contains hydrogen The second element is a nonmetal hydrogen – nonmetal Naming All binary acids follow the pattern as shown below:

Prefix Hydro- Stem or root of nonmetal Suffix -ic Acid HCl Hydro HI HCl is a binary acid – hydrogen - nonmetal chloric Acid iodicAcid H 2 S HydrosulfuricAcid

Given the name, how do you write formulas for binary acids? The obvious pattern of the name tells you that it is a binary acid. Hydro ic Acid. Therefore, you know that the acids begins with hydrogen and contains a nonmetal which you can identify between the “Hydro” and the “ic” To arrive at the formula, you “pretend” that hydrogen is +1 and using the normal charge of the nonmetal, balance the formula by supplying subscripts. Hydrofluoric AcidThe name tells you that this is a binary acid. H +1 F -1 HF

Hydrophosphoric acidThe name tells you that it is definitely a binary acid. H +1 P -3 Remember that the P has a -3 charge because it is in group 15 H3PH3P

Let’s Practice Ca(OH) 2 Calcium hydroxide SO 2 Sulfur dioxide (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 Ammonium phosphate Co 2 (CO 3 ) 3 Cobalt (III) carbonate HBr Hydrobromic acid Ternary Ionic Binary molecular Ternary Ionic Binary acid

Potassium acetate KC 2 H 3 O 2 Cadmium nitrate Cd(NO 3 ) 2 Aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 Hydrosulfuric acid H 2 S Difluorine trioxide F 2 O 3 Ternary Ionic Binary Ionic Binary acid Binary molecular

The fifth category of compounds is Ternary Acids. These compounds begin with hydrogen since they are “acids”. Attached to the hydrogen is a polyatomic ion Hydrogen – polyatomic ion

suffix -icacid HClO 3 Chlor HNO 3 Nitr H 2 SO 4 Sulfur HCNCyan How are Ternary Acids named? There are two categories of naming depending on the suffix of the polyatomic ion. First Category First Category: If the polyatomic ion has a suffix of – ate or –ide, use the following pattern: Ternary Acid – contains the polyatomic ion chlorate (suffix –ate) Ternary Acid – contains the polyatomic ion nitrate (suffix –ate). Ternary Acid – contains the polyatomic ion sulfate (suffix –ate). Ternary Acid – contains the polyatomic ion cyanide (suffix –ide). ic Acid ic Acid ic Acid ic Acid

Second Category: Second Category: If the polyatomic ion has a suffix of –ite, use the following pattern: suffix -ousacid HNO 2 Ternary acid contains polyatomic ion, nitrite (-ite suffix). Nitrous acid HClO 2 Ternary acid contains polyatomic ion, chlorite (-ite suffix). Chlorousacid H 2 SO 3 Ternary acid contains polyatomic ion, sulfite (-ite suffix). Sulfur ousacid

How are Ternary Acids named? First, a ternary acid is easy to distinguish from a binary acid. ALL binary acids have the prefix “hydro-”. NO Ternary acids have the prefix “hydro-”. Acetic acid This is an acid, but NOT a binary acid. This is a ternary acid. The “-ic” suffix in the acid name tells you that the polyatomic ion must have a “-ate” suffix – acetate. To write the formula, pretend that hydrogen is +1 and balance the charges. H +1 C 2 H 3 O 2 -1 HC 2 H 3 O 2

Hypochlorous acidThis is a Ternary acid (does not begin with “hydro-”. The “-ous” suffix indicates that the polyatomic ion in this acid has a suffix of “-ite” - hypochlorite Pretend that hydrogen is +1 and balance the charges. H +1 ClO -1 HClO Phosphoric acid This is a Ternary acid (does not begin with “hydro-”. The “-ic” suffix indicates that the polyatomic ion in this acid has a suffix of “-ate” - phosphate H 3 PO 4 Pretend that hydrogen is +1 and balance the charges.

This concludes Module 13!