Language of Medicine Day One Medical Technology

Scientific and Medical Terminology Highly Specific Each structure and condition must be named Generalities are dangerous All professionals must use identical terminology

Scientific and Medical Terminology Latin is the language of science Classification of species Chemical terminology Anatomical systems and structures Conditions pertaining to the systems

Knowledge of Med Terms Required for intelligent discussion of....anything Allows understanding of scientific literature and unfamiliar terms REQUIRES memorization and mastery Spelling MUST be exact. Ileum (small intestine) vs. ilium (hip bone)

For Example.....

Word Roots Foundation of medical terms Usually indicate part of body involved Can indicate color Knowledge of roots will vastly speed up comprehension in physiology!

Rules involving Roots Roots MUST have a suffix to complete term Gastro = stomach -itis (suffix) = inflammation Gastritis = stomach inflammation -dynia = pain gastrodynia = stomach pain A combining vowel “o” used when suffix begins with a consonant gluteus = well, you know what these are! Your pompies! gluteodynia = pain in the bleep! No combining vowel when suffix begins with vowel. tonsill + algia = tonsillalgia (no combining vowel) tonsillo + scopy = tonsilloscopy

Combining roots Often many roots are combined to make complex words. Combining vowels used between roots Gastro + entero + itis = gastroenteritis entero = small intestine Inflammation of stomach & small intestine Meaning???

Suffixes can mean “Pertaining to” Are listed at beginning of Appendix A. pg 293 These change the root word from a noun to an adjective For example… Cardi = heart (noun) -ac = suffix that means “pertaining to” So… cardiac means “pertaining to the heart” (adjective)

Suffixes complete the root into a noun For Example Crani = skull-um = noun ending Cranium Also listed in Appendix A, pg. 293 noun endings change to form plurals For Example Terms ending in “um”, the plural form ends in “a” Cranium  crania Complete list on Table 1.6, pg. 12

Suffixes describe an abnormal condition Roots can be turned into general disease (not specific) - osis, -ism, -esis, - ia Gastrosis = disease of the stomach

Suffixes associated with Specific Diseases - algia: pain & suffering - dynia: pain - itis: inflammation - malacia: abnormal softening - megaly: enlargement - necrosis: tissue death - sclerosis: abnormal hardening - stenosis: abnormal narrowing

Suffixes that Describe Procedures When combined with root, identifies where procedure is occurring. Can combine with ANY body part root, if procedure happens there.

Examples - centesis - ectomy - graphy: (verb) - gram: (noun) - plasty - scopy Surgical puncture to remove fluid Surgical removal process of recording a picture or data THE record or picture Surgical repair Visual exam of body interior

What is happening here? Amniocentesis Splenectomy Arteriography Sonogram Rhinoplasty Endoscopy

Double RR suffixes -rrhage or rrhagia -rrhaphy -rrhea -rrhexis Excessive fluid loss, usually blood To suture or stitch Abnormal flow of bodily fluids Rupture Ex. hemorrhage Ex. myorrhaphy Ex. diarrhea Ex. myorrhexis

Prefixes Change the meaning of the term Usually indicate location, time or number Prenatal - before birth Postnatal - after birth In chemical terms, indicate state of chemical: deoxyribonucleic acid vs. ribonucleic acid without oxygen

Confusing prefixes Ab- means away from Ad - towards Dys- bad, painful Eu- good, normal Hyper - excessive Hypo- deficient, less Inter - between, among Intra- within, inside Sub- under, less, below Supra- above, excessive

Look-Alike, Sound-Alike words Refer to last section of Chapter 1 for all of them.... A few are highlighted here. Arterio- artery, Athero - plaque or fatty substance, Arthro- joint ileum - section of small intestine, ilium - part of pelvis Infection: invasion by a pathogen, Inflammation: response of body to injury or infection

Look-alikes continued Mucous- adjective describing membranes lining body cavity Mucus - (noun) secretions of mucous membranes Myco- fungus, Myelo- bone marrow or spinal cord, Myo- muscle

Look-alikes continued -ostomy: to surgically create an artificial opening -otomy: surgical incision Palpation: to examine with hands, feeling body parts Palpitation: pounding heart rate

Look-alikes continued Prostrate: to collapse and lie flat Prostate: male gland around urethra Supination: rotation of hand palm up Suppuration: formation of pus Virile: having masculine traits Viral: pertaining to a virus

Now... To memorize Notecards Filing system Accumulative information Regular review and spelling practice Combined forms of word parts are going to be tested - not just discrete parts. Go for it... Jump into medical terminology!!