Unit 9: Body Plan of Higher Organisms: Vertebrates Exercise 1: The Frog, a Representative Vertebrate (Class Amphibia) By: Dr. Motasem Almasri
External Morphology: The major body parts: Head Trunk Limbs It lacks a tail or a neck regions.
External Morphology: Eye protrudes from head, returns in orbit Nostril (external nares) lead to nasal chamber and can be closed by valves Eye protrudes from head, returns in orbit when closed & has nictitating membrane for protection N.B: internal nares are within the mouth Tympanum (eardrum) No outer ears
Forelimbs- short & support the anterior portion Hindlimbs- Folded together at rest had five toes connected by a web Forelimbs- short & support the anterior portion 4 digits & a rudiment of thumb Large Mouth
Mouth Cavity a. Esophagus opening (transverse slit) b. Vomerine teeth 3. Internal nares 5. Eustachian tube opening 7. tongue 8. Glottis
The Integument (Skin)
Circulatory System It consists of: Heart. Arteries. Veins. Capillaries. Lymph space
The Heart
The Heart pericardial membrane
The Heart RAVC
Venous System
Arterial System
Lungs
Digestive system
Digestive system
Digestive system Stomach ileum
Digestive system 16.Small intestine 17.Liver 18.Large intestine 19.Stomach
The Urogenital system It includes the urinary and reproductive system. Urinary System:
Female Reproductive System Ovary with eggs Oviduct N.B: Ovaries vary greatly in size and appearance at different seasons. Not directly connected to oviduct
Female Reproductive System Spleen Fat bodies Large intestine Ovary with eggs Oviduct
Male Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
The Skeletal System Skull (opening)
The Skeletal System
Muscular System
Mylohyoid
Muscular System 9.Gastrocnemius Achilles tendon
Views of frog brain
Cranial Nerves in Frog and Their General Functions
Note: Branchial nerve figure 9.15 Sciatic nerve figure 9.15