Water Treatment System Design for Cinnamon Creek Campground Nomads Engineering: Achit-Erdene Gankhuyag Cuyler Frisby Kevin Wagner

Problem Statement The two springs which provide water for the Cinnamon Creek Camp were shown by the Environmental Protection Agency to be under the influence of surface water and at moderate risk for contamination.

Proposed Solution We propose implementing a system to filter, disinfect and monitor the water. A combination of solar panels and hydroelectric turbines will generate electricity to power the system.

Design Challenges Water Treatment (Filtration & Disinfection) Monitoring & Reporting Power Generation

Existing Raw Water Quality According to the most recent data available (2010): The pH, turbidity, and total dissolved solids levels are such that this water is treatable through conventional methods. pH (pH) Turbidity (NTU) Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) Temperature (F) Spring # Spring #

Water Treatment Through a combination of filtration and disinfection, a 3-log removal of Giardia and 4- log removal of viruses will be achieved, in compliance with Utah Department of Drinking Water standards.

Filtration To meet the Giardia requirement, a Graver Technologies QMA series direct cartridge filter will be used. Because prefiltration is required for this filter, two filters will be used in series: a 20-micron filter followed by a 5- micron filter. Provides 2.5-log removal of Giardia. The additional 0.5-log removal will be provided through chlorine disinfection

Disinfection Disinfection using a liquid solution of sodium hypochlorite will be used to achieve the necessary 4-log removal of viruses as well as the additional 0.5-log removal of Giardia. A 45MHP 2 chlorine injector, manufactured by Stenner, was used in the proposed system. In order to achieve the required 4-log removal of viruses, a Concentration-Time (CT) value of 12 is required.

Monitoring The project also includes the installation of equipment to monitor and report the following on a daily basis as required by Utah Administrative Code: – turbidity – chlorine residual – pH – Temperature – volume of water treated

Hach SC200 Controller Monitoring Equipment Free Chlorine & pH – Hach CLF10 SC200 Turbidity - Hach 1720E SC200

Power Generation Given the geography of the project site, harnessing the hydraulic energy of the water will be possible.

Hydroelectric Power Generation Considering the given physical parameters of the site, the power available from elevation head of water was calculated. The power from elevation head of water can be expressed as: SpringFlow (q) [m 3 /s]Head (h) [m]Power (P) [watts] # # P = ρ q g h e where P = power available (Watts) ρ = density (kg/m 3 ) (~ 1000 kg/m 3 for water) q = water flow (m 3 /s) g = acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s 2 ) h = head (m) e = efficiency of turbine (assume 70%, 0.7)

Pelton Turbines After extensive research into small hydroelectric turbines, it was decided that a Pelton-type turbine would best fit the site. Pictured turbine is manufactured by PowerSpout

Power Generation Solar panels will be used as a backup power source. A distinct advantage of a system with both water turbines and solar panels would be that such a system plays to the advantage of each technology

Cost Estimation

Process Diagram

Thank You