Academic Integrity and Plagiarism Prevention Introduction to Business July 2011 Danielle C. Istl, LL.M. Academic Integrity Officer You are here!

Overview What is plagiarism? What is plagiarism? When to cite When to cite Paraphrasing Paraphrasing Common knowledge Common knowledge Public domain / Copyright Public domain / Copyright How Turnitin works How Turnitin works Honesty in group work Honesty in group work Consequence of plagiarism Consequence of plagiarism Plagiarism prevention tips Plagiarism prevention tips Who can help? Who can help?

Why should we care about honesty in academic work? Why should we care about honesty in academic work?

Core value in education Key to the University’s mission Increases the value of your degree Expected by all * The right thing to do

What is Plagiarism? Using someone else’s work as your own Using someone else’s work as your own –words, ideas, data, diagrams, designs, etc. Failing to attribute the source of the information you use Failing to attribute the source of the information you use –Failing to use quotation marks –Failing to cite your sources in-text AND in a bibliography in-text AND in a bibliography –“References” (APA) – “Works Cited” (MLA)

Per University policy, this is also plagiarism: Submitting the same work in two different courses Submitting the same work in two different courses Business 101 Business 201

Or submitting work identical to another student’s work without permission Business 101

Why Do People Plagiarize? Lack of knowledge about what constitutes plagiarism Lack of knowledge about what constitutes plagiarism Time issues Time issues Poor research, writing, citation, or organizational skills Poor research, writing, citation, or organizational skills

YouTube: The “Ghost of Plagiarism” YouTube: The “Ghost of Plagiarism” Time management Time management Choices Choices Internet cut and paste Internet cut and paste Risks and consequences Risks and consequences Advantages to doing your own work Advantages to doing your own work When to cite When to cite

Plagiarism Under the Student Code It applies to “all intellectual endeavours: creation and presentation of music, drawings, designs, dance, photography, and other artistic and technical works.” It applies to “all intellectual endeavours: creation and presentation of music, drawings, designs, dance, photography, and other artistic and technical works.”

The University’s Plagiarism Policy In the preparation of essays, papers, reports, and any other types of assignments, students must necessarily rely on the work of others. In the preparation of essays, papers, reports, and any other types of assignments, students must necessarily rely on the work of others.

However, it is imperative that the source of any ideas, wording, or data obtained from others be disclosed and properly acknowledged by citations, quotation marks, and bibliographic references in proper format. However, it is imperative that the source of any ideas, wording, or data obtained from others be disclosed and properly acknowledged by citations, quotation marks, and bibliographic references in proper format. (emphasis added) (emphasis added)

What he said or wrote that you write word-for-word: QUOTATION MARKS AND A CITATION What he said or wrote that you put in your own words (paraphrasing): CITATION An idea of his that you refer to: CITATION When to Cite

Paraphrasing Definitions Definitions Examples Examples

“reproduc[ing] the exact meaning of the other author’s ideas or facts using [y]our words and sentence structure” “reproduc[ing] the exact meaning of the other author’s ideas or facts using [y]our words and sentence structure” “changing much of the language and some of the structure of the original” “changing much of the language and some of the structure of the original” *Office of Research Integrity, *Office of Research Integrity,

Original Original “Everyone, even the most patient and thorough investigator, must pick and choose, deciding which facts to study and which to pass over. He must have some working hypothesis[.]” “Everyone, even the most patient and thorough investigator, must pick and choose, deciding which facts to study and which to pass over. He must have some working hypothesis[.]”Paraphrase Conscientious investigators should have a starting point that guides them as they wade through information.

Another paraphrase of same material: Another paraphrase of same material: People, in the course of investigations, must selectively decide the facts that are most worthy of their attention. People, in the course of investigations, must selectively decide the facts that are most worthy of their attention.

Example 2 * Original Original “The Shalgar Hound’s naturally aloof and arrogant manner serves to perpetuate his special position in the world.” “The Shalgar Hound’s naturally aloof and arrogant manner serves to perpetuate his special position in the world.” (Troy, 1975, p.12) (Troy, 1975, p.12) * Academic Writing Centre Plagiarism Handout * Academic Writing Centre Plagiarism Handout Paraphrase Paraphrase Troy (1975) claims that the Shalgar Hound occupies a unique status among dogs, largely due to the breed’s inherently haughty temperament. (p. 12) Troy (1975) claims that the Shalgar Hound occupies a unique status among dogs, largely due to the breed’s inherently haughty temperament. (p. 12)

When Is Citation Not Required? When expressing common knowledge When expressing common knowledge When expressing your own thoughts and ideas in your own words When expressing your own thoughts and ideas in your own words When analyzing or synthesizing the material you have researched When analyzing or synthesizing the material you have researched When drawing your own conclusions When drawing your own conclusions [Third Rock video clip] [Third Rock video clip] [Third Rock video clip] [Third Rock video clip]

What is Common Knowledge? Information understood by those in a field of study * Information understood by those in a field of study * Common expressions, folklore * Common expressions, folklore * Common sense observations * Common sense observations * Widely accepted facts that can be found in numerous sources Widely accepted facts that can be found in numerous sources Note: It depends on your reader. Note: It depends on your reader. * AWC Handout: Plagiarism * AWC Handout: Plagiarism

Examples of Common Knowledge Canada is comprised of ten provinces and three territories. Canada is comprised of ten provinces and three territories. Light travels faster than sound. Light travels faster than sound. The smartest students at the University are in the Intro to Business class. The smartest students at the University are in the Intro to Business class.

Using the Internet True or False? Material from the Internet is free to use without citing because it is available to everyone. Material from the Internet is free to use without citing because it is available to everyone. Most of the information on the Internet is reliable. Most of the information on the Internet is reliable.

Using only Internet information for research is usually sufficient because it is the most up-to-date. Using only Internet information for research is usually sufficient because it is the most up-to-date. The Internet is “public domain.” The Internet is “public domain.”

What is the “public domain”? Intellectual property that no one “owns” Intellectual property that no one “owns” –no copyright in the work or –the copyright has expired 50 years after death of author 50 years after death of author Example: Shakespeare’s plays Example: Shakespeare’s plays Don’t need permission to use Don’t need permission to use But must still cite But must still cite

Copyright Law “Copyright” is ownership of one’s work (e.g., literary, musical, research) and the right to reproduce that work “Copyright” is ownership of one’s work (e.g., literary, musical, research) and the right to reproduce that work

To “borrow” or “steal” that person’s work without acknowledgement or permission violates Canada’s Copyright Act. To “borrow” or “steal” that person’s work without acknowledgement or permission violates Canada’s Copyright Act.

Testing your knowledge Citation Quiz Using Sources Quiz

Turnitin.com: What is it? Developed by iParadigms (California) Developed by iParadigms (California) Plagiarism-prevention service Plagiarism-prevention service Educational tool Educational tool See Turnitin.com website See Turnitin.com website –Turnitin Research Resources for students Tips, guidelines, FAQs Tips, guidelines, FAQs

Educational tool: –You receive originality report to ensure paper is plagiarism-free. –Can re-submit after correcting citation errors. * Graphic trademark of Turnitin downloaded from * Graphic trademark of Turnitin downloaded from Plagiarism detection: –Professor receives originality report and evaluates the paper for any plagiarism.

How Does Turnitin Work? 1. You submit your paper electronically to Turnitin. 2. An electronic copy of your work is run through three databases. Your paper Internet and archived internet Major newspapers, magazines, and scholarly journals; thousands of books Other students’ papers

How Does Using Turnitin Help You? Encourages proper citation and referencing. Encourages proper citation and referencing. Encourages paraphrasing. Encourages paraphrasing. Protects you from theft of your work. Protects you from theft of your work. Evens the playing field. Evens the playing field. Helps safeguard your academic integrity. Helps safeguard your academic integrity.

WriteCheck Powered by Turnitin.com Powered by Turnitin.com Service to students on a “per-use” basis Service to students on a “per-use” basis Can check your own work for plagiarism before submission for credit Can check your own work for plagiarism before submission for credit Small fee Small fee

Recommended Reading By Charles Lipson: By Charles Lipson: * Doing Honest Work in College and * Succeeding as an International Student in the United States and Canada - Leddy Library, order at Bookstore, purchase online or - Leddy Library, order at Bookstore, purchase online or - copies in the ISC and the Academic Integrity Office

Honesty in Group Work

Lipson’s* Tips Know what the professor expects. Know what the professor expects. What is to be done by the group? What is to be done by the group? What is to be done individually? What is to be done individually? If not sure, ask in advance. If not sure, ask in advance. If one student doesn’t do his/her share: If one student doesn’t do his/her share: –speak with the student privately, –then with the professor if necessary. *Charles Lipson, Doing Honest Work in College. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.

University’s position In true group assignments, everyone is responsible for the entire piece of work. In true group assignments, everyone is responsible for the entire piece of work. You are vicariously liable for plagiarism by a group member. You are vicariously liable for plagiarism by a group member. “Wilful blindness” creates responsibility. “Wilful blindness” creates responsibility.

Consequences of Plagiarism Zero on the work Zero on the work Possible failure of the course Possible failure of the course No Credit Discipline (NCD) transcript notation No Credit Discipline (NCD) transcript notation Disciplinary Warning Disciplinary Warning In serious cases: suspension In serious cases: suspension

Turnitin’s Plagiarism Prevention Tips Consult with your instructor. Consult with your instructor. Plan your paper. Plan your paper. Take effective notes. Take effective notes. When in doubt, cite! When in doubt, cite! Make it clear who said what. Make it clear who said what. Know how to paraphrase. Know how to paraphrase. Evaluate your sources. Evaluate your sources.

Very important ! When writing papers, write down bibliographic information about your sources as you work. When writing papers, write down bibliographic information about your sources as you work.

Relevant University Bylaw Location: University Senate webpage – Bylaw 31: Student Affairs and Integrity Bylaw 31: Student Affairs and Integrity –Deals with misconduct: Examples Examples Procedures Procedures Sanctions Sanctions

Policies Policy E3: Rules for Conduct of Exams Policy E3: Rules for Conduct of Exams Policy T1: Use of Turnitin.com Policy T1: Use of Turnitin.com Policy S6: Student Code of Conduct Policy S6: Student Code of Conduct

Who Can Help? Professors, Associate Deans Professors, Associate Deans Teaching Assistants Teaching Assistants Student Development & Support Student Development & Support Leddy Library (research, writing & citation help) Leddy Library (research, writing & citation help)

Academic Writing Centre Daily “Walk in” for Qs & advice Daily “Walk in” for Qs & advice Individualized writing assessments Individualized writing assessments Weekly writing tutorials Weekly writing tutorials Peer writers (Leddy Library) Peer writers (Leddy Library) AWC “Tip Sheets” AWC “Tip Sheets” Source:

The End GOOD LUCK ON YOUR GROUP PROJECTS ! GOOD LUCK ON YOUR GROUP PROJECTS !