Autonomous Underwater Gliders off Newport, OR cross-margin transect twice per week since April 2006 Along historic NH line (50+ years) CTD dissolved oxygen chlorophyll fluorescence CDOM fluorescence light backscatter Co-PIs: Jack Barth and Kipp Shearman Graduate Students: Chris Ordoniez Technicians: Anatoli Erofeev and Zen Kurokawa Piero Mazzini Kate Adams Gonzalo Saldias

Northern California Current System

Barth et al. (2008); Bane et al. (2005) Intense air-sea interaction in coastal ocean

CTD Optical Sensors (Chl, CDOM and Backscatter) Pitch Batteries Science Bay Displacement Pump Glider Control and more batteries Air bladder Aanderaa Optical Dissolved Oxygen sensor GPS, Iridium and Freewave Antennae in tail fin 7 ft long 100 lbs in air Autonomous Underwater Glider

Glider bob February 2005 Bob Smith Jane Huyer Glider jane June 2005 The OSU Glider Fleet Four 200-m TWR Slocums One 350-m TWR Slocum with RDI DVL Three 1000-m Seagliders

Glider Operations and Maintenance deploy execute mission recover refurbish calibrate repair/test deploy

OSU Glider Operations 90 km cross-shelf strong currents (50+ cm/s) abrupt bathymetry historical observations April 2006– July 2012 April 2006– July glider-days 2835 glider-days ~800 sections ~800 sections 208,500+ vertical 208,500+ vertical profiles (~4000 in archive prior to ‘05) 67,000+ km 67,000+ km

May 13-19,

Dissolved Oxygen from glider Hypoxia July 2006

Responding to changing wind and wave conditions adjust glider communications schedule adjust glider communications schedule 6-hours offshore 6-hours offshore 1-hour near coast 1-hour near coast adjust glider target waypoints adjust glider target waypoints continual interaction with boat operators negotiating operations during weather window continual interaction with boat operators negotiating operations during weather window response planning for extreme conditions response planning for extreme conditions 54-foot Elakha will cross the bar

coast 50-m isobath200-m isobath

glider “bob” in the January 18-19, 2012 storm wind speed (knots) wave height (feet) NOAA Buoy knots 30 feet November 28, 2001

glider “bob” approaches shore and gets carried north in the January 18-19, 2012, storm

oceanographic data from across the shelf in 30- foot seas!

Low-salinity pulses from Columbia River Densities as low as 1018 kg/m**3 Bottom is (white) 1020 (pink) 1019 (magenta)

A section from today … Salinity

Lessons learned (1 of 2): Be considerate of glider team re: 24/7/365 o Burnout is an issue o One week on every few weeks; have backup pilots Do the outreach at the coast with ocean users o Scientist and Fishermen’s Exchange (SAFE) Be aware of fishing seasons near ports o Opening days and derby days have lots of boats! Never deploy on Fridays o Failures inevitably occur on the weekend

Lessons learned (2 of 2): Never give up on a “lost” glider o “Fail safes” are amazing Make use of all data you can get your hands on for operations o Wind, waves, currents, freshwater discharge, forecasts o This is the IOOS paradigm Gliders and glider data need attention o Compass calibrations o Test, prepare, analyze, & calibrate yourselves

 solidify funding for the west- coast glider and mooring arrays  strategically build glider array  standardize long-term mooring observations and add biological sensors of interest to PaCOOS  incorporate glider and mooring data into ocean observing system (including data assimilation) UW OSU MBARI/SIO SIO Plans (circa 2008)

NSF’s Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Endurance Array Multi-platform, multi-scale Fixed and mobile assets Cross-shelf arrays at Newport and Grays Harbor Oregon Line cabled to Regional Scale Node Newport glider line ~Fall 2012 Remainder of array 2013 COAS (OSU) 500 km 125 km