Cognitive Dissonance BEHAVIOR AND BELIEF. Dissonance Created by inconsistency between a person's two beliefs or belief and action. When actions and beliefs,

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Presentation transcript:

Cognitive Dissonance BEHAVIOR AND BELIEF

Dissonance Created by inconsistency between a person's two beliefs or belief and action. When actions and beliefs, or beliefs and beliefs don't agree.

New Job example High pay Health Benefits 401k Vacation Steal puppies from young children

Reducing Dissonance Selective Exposure Post-decision Dissonance Minimal Justification

Selective Exposure People avoid information likely to increase dissonance. "Stick to their own kind" Only ignore information perceived as a threat

Post-decision Dissonance Internal tension after decision 3 heightening conditions (1) Importance of the issue (2) Delay in choosing between options (3) Reversibility of decision

Minimal Justification Hypothesis that the best way to stimulate attitude change is to offer just enough incentive to elicit counter-attitudinal behavior. Behavior ----> Attitude Compliance- Public conformity to another's expectation without necessarily having a private conviction that matches the behavior.

Would You Lie For A Dollar? Some students offered $1 some offered $20 Students whom accepted $1 formed other justifications Counterattitudinal advocacy- Publicly urging others to believe or do something opposed to what the advocate actually believes.

Cognitive Dissonance Revisions Self-Consistency: The Rationalizing Animal Personal Responsibility for Bad Outcomes Self-Affirmation to Dissipate Dissonance

Rationalizing Animal “Humans are rationalizing animals who want to appear rational to themselves”- P.224 Rationalizing to self based on attitude or behavior performed. Attitude/Behavior Inconsistency Dissonance Created Attitude Change Dissonance Reduced

Personal Responsibility Acceptance of personal responsibility requires that the person know ahead of time of the negative consequences their actions will cause Existence of a feeling of responsibility after an action/behavior creates dissonance Attitude/Behavior Inconsistency Dissonance Created Responsibility

Self-Affirmation Calling upon positive thoughts blot out concern for restoring consistency Motivated to maintain an overall moral self-image Dissonance Created Attitude Change Self-Affirmation

Online Facebook Survey

Critique Inaccuracy of Measurement Cannot Falsify Theory Observeability (Hawthorne Effect) Self-Perception Theory