business computer application University of Palestine College of Business Instructor: Mr. Ahmed Abumosameh

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER Lecture 2

3 How is a computer defined? What Is a Computer?  Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory The computer first, Accepts data such as raw facts, figures, and symbol then, Processes data into information (Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful ) finally, Produces and stores results

Characteristics of Computer Speed Accuracy Reliability Storage Retrieving Data and Programs Automation Versatility Communications Diligence No Feelings No IQ

Uses of Computer Education Computer based Training (CBT) / Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) Web based Training CDs / DVDs Computer –based lectures E-Books, Journals

Uses of Computer Health Care Maintain Patient Records / History Diagnose Disease Laboratory Tests Blood and tissue computerized analysis Monitor Patients Vital Signs ICU Operation Theatre Recovery Room Medical Ward ECG Telemedicine Access medical care center via Computer videoconferencing Computer-Aided Surgery During training of surgery using of Computer Aided Learning

Uses of Computer Entertainment Listen Music Video Games Movies Online Museum and Galleries Publishing Use word processor and graphics software for title and page designing E-Books E-Newspapers, magazines and journals Science Latest research information through internet Experimental results Weather forecasting Computerized Laboratories

Uses of Computer E-Commerce Sale and purchase online Financial transactions E-Banking E-Marketing Government Up to date information Daily routine work Websites of various departments Agriculture Analysis of data Latest research Search new markets

Uses of Computer Office Data management Letters, s Handling accounts data Stock handling Other routine office work Home / personal Education tool for kids Entertainment Communication with friends and family using s

10 Examples of Computer Usage HomeSmall Office/ Home Office (SOHO) Mobile Large BusinessPower

Types of Computer Digital Computers Which uses electricity Analog Computers Which does not use electricity Hybrid Computers Which partially uses electricity

Classification of Computers Computers are classified according to Their data processing speed, Amount of data that they can hold Their price. Micro Computers Mini Computers / Mini frame Computers Mainframe Computers Supercomputers

Micro Computers Also known as PC (Personal Computer) First PC named IBM-PC was designed in 1982 by IBM Microprocessors are used in it Small in size and cost They are further divided in to four categories Desktop and Tower Notebook or Laptop Computers Network Computers Handheld Personal Computers

Desktop and Tower Computers In desktop design system unit is placed flat on table and in Tower design system unit is placed vertically. Most popular and commonly used PC Systems Used in Offices, Homes, Colleges, Hospitals Economically cheaper than other Micro Computers

Notebook or Laptop Computers It is portable micro computer Small in size and can fit in a briefcase. Operated on specially rechargeable battery Mostly used during journey It has same features as PCs It is expensive than PCs

Network Computers They are also version of PCs with less processing power, memory and storage. Specially designed as terminals for network environment. Some types of these systems have no storage. They are cheaper than PCs.

Handheld Personal Computers Small in size and can fit in hand They are referred as Palmtop Computers and also called mini notebook computers. Used for Mobile employees, meter readers, order takers and parcel delivery peoples The examples are: Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Cellular Telephones PC Pro devices

Mini Computers They are larger in size, having high processing and cost than PCS Also known as midrange computers They are designed for multiple users They are used are servers in network environment, which can connect hundreds of PCs. They are also used as web-servers

Mainframe Computers Are large-scale computers and high in cost than PCs and mini computers They need clean and cool environment They support thousands of computers like IBM S/390 can support 50,000 users simultaneously. There are two types of Mainframe computers: Dumb Terminal Which doest not have own CPU and storage Intelligent Terminal Which has its own CPU and storage

Super Computers Most powerful and fastest computers also very expensive Large number of processors are connected to them Weather forecasting Nuclear energy research Aircraft design Automotive design

Generations of Computer Generations of computer provides a framework for the growth and development of computer industry. First Generation ( ) Second Generation ( ) Third Generation ( ) Forth Generation (1975 onward) Fifth Generation (Yet to come)

First Generation ( ) Vacuum tubes were the only electronic component Advantages Computers were the fastest calculating devices at that time Can perform computations in milliseconds It made possible the advent of electronic digital computers Disadvantages Too bulky in size, non-portable and commercial production was difficult and costly Thousands of vacuum tubes emitted large amount of heat and burn out frequently and hence required air conditioning Limited Commercial use

Second Generation ( ) The transistors used instead of vacuum tube Advantages Smaller in size than first generation computers More reliable, less heat generated and better portability Can perform computations in microseconds Wider commercial use Disadvantages Air conditioning required Frequent maintenance required Manual assembly of individual components into a functioning unit is required Commercial production was difficult and costly

Third Generation ( ) The third generation was based on IC technology or Integrated Circuits technology. This technology made it possible to integrate large number of circuit elements into very small Silicon chips. Advantages: Smaller in size Lower heat generated and lower maintenance cost easily portable more reliable Computation speed is in nanoseconds General purpose Manual assembling not required Disadvantages Air conditioning required in many cases Highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacturing of IC chips.

Forth Generation (1975 – onwards) Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) More than one million components on a single chip Advantages: Smallest in size Very reliable Heat generated in negligible No air conditioning is required Easily portable Totally general purpose Disadvantage Highly sophisticated technology required for manufacture

Fifth Generation (Yet to come) Scientists are now at work on the fifth generation computers. They aims to bring us machine with: Genuine I.Q. The ability to think logically Real knowledge of the world Which could do knowledge processing

Computer Parts There are two types of Computer parts Hardware Software Computer Hardware The physical parts of a computer are known as computer hardware. You can touch, see and feel the hardware. The hardware components are: Input devices Output devices Central Processing Unit (CPU) Memory Unit Storage Devices

Computer Parts Computer Software: A set of instructions given to the computer to solve problems or to control different operations of the computer is known as computer software. The computer software is classified into two main categories: Application software System software Programming Languages

29 What is the information processing cycle? Input Process Output Storage Communication