The Rise of Fascism D³=FT: D: Dissatisfaction D: Depression D: Desperation (can lead to…)= FT: Fascism and Totalitarianism

World War One  Total War  Soldiers from 5 continents  Women  New Technology  Gov. involvement: propaganda, draft.  Treaty of Versailles  100% blame on Germany  Reparations  Lost colonies & land  League of nations  “National Self- Determination”  End of Austrian & Ottoman Empires  Mandates in the Middle East Global Depression  International debt from WWI helped cause it.  All parts of the world connected to the global economy.  Problems in one place impact the rest of the world.  Core countries squeeze the colonies even more.  Economic problems led to the rise of dictators in Italy, Germany, Japan, and U.S. World War Two  Caused by the Treaty of Versailles  Germany & Italy forced to extremes to solve their extreme mess.  Japan trying to survive the Great Depression as an island country.  Total War Again.  Technology again., but bigger and better.  Women again.  Colonies again.  Genocide again, the Holocaust.  End of the War.  Start of the Atomic Age.  A better peace.  Start Cold War. The Cold War  Two super- powers  U.S. v. U.S.S.R.  No direct fighting between the supers.  Battle of ideologies  Capitalism v. Communism  Decolonization.  How to be independent? Environment of Imperialism or Colonialism   Rising Nationalism   [ s & 1930s >]

The Rise of Fascism D³=FT: D: Dissatisfaction D: Depression D: Desperation (can lead to…)= FT: Fascism and Totalitarianism

Angry – did not get German land in China after WWI Global Depression Tariffs kill imports and exports U.S. oil embargo Emperor Showa “Hirohito” Military Generals “Greater East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere” Japanese Empire Invasion of Manchuria, 1931 Rise of Dictatorships in: Italy Germany Japan Problems Leaders, Groups Solutions Acts of Agression Angry – no land from WWI Global Depression Poverty Unemployment Communism Benito Mussolini Brown Shirts Fascist Dictatorship Anti-Communism Invasion of Ethiopia, 1935 Lost colonies & land in Germany Reparations 100% War Guilt Limits on military Poverty & unemployment Communism Adolf Hitler NAZI Party SS, Gestapo,.. Hitler Youth Fascist Dictatorship Anti-Communism Anti-Semitism Numerous: Re-militarization +

What is Fascism? Extreme Nationalism –Pride in everything traditional History, culture, food, art, music Total control of all aspects of society –Social = Media/Press, schools, religion, secret police, … –Economic = Owners are dominated by government wishes Sometimes told what to produce and what prices to charge Not state ownership State is supreme over individual rights The leader is the personification of the state Glorifies war –The nation should always be at war Large and Impressive Spectacle to Awe Audiences –Parades, rallies, flags, symbols, salutes

Fascism and Totalitarianism: Definitions: Fascism: a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, controlling all industry, commerce, etc., and promoting an aggressive nationalism and often racism. –Nazis and Fascist Governments in Germany and Italy –FASCISTS HATE COMMUNISTS!! Totalitarianism: absolute control by the state, i.e., the leader or government of a highly centralized nation. –Stalin’s Communist Totalitarianism in the Soviet Union –COMMUNISTS HATE FASCISTS!! Do not get confused: –Totalitarianism is a style of leadership (dictator with absolute power) but with different kinds of ideologies (like communism). –Fascism is a racist and nationalist ideology that usually has a totalitarian style of leader (a dictator like Hitler or Mussolini)

German Hyperinflation

“One People, One Empire, One Leader!!” Adolf Hitler Germany