A Comparative Study of the Economic Suitability and Viability of New Generation Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) in Dublin Port Kay McGinley BA(Hons) MM Department of Transport Engineering College of Engineering and Built Environment Dublin Institute of Technology Roisin Murray – Supervisor Declan Allen - Advisory Supervisor 17/5/2013

Background  Globalisation  Ports/terminals excessively utilized  Land restriction  Dublin Port occupies 256 hectares  Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) 2

Research Hypothesis “ The Intelligent Autonomous Vehicle (IAV) is both suitable and viable for adoption in a real port environment such as Dublin Port ” 3

Research Objectives  Study traffic flows within Dublin Ferryport Terminals (DFT).  Investigate existing traffic control methods.  Identify automatic navigation methods.  Investigate the practical issues in implementing automatic navigation system in DFT.  Examine an automatic traffic time domain simulator for autonomous and human driven vehicles.  Carry out a case study of DFT using a virtual simulator (ScanerStudio and Flexsim).  Consider the operating costs of current technology.  Consider the potential operating costs of the IAV.  Determine the economic suitability and viability of IAV versus the shunter 4

Novelty of the Research Exploration of new generation ITS in Dublin Port to reduce time delay at intermodal nodes where containers are required to change transport modes. 5

Methodology  Case Study of Dublin Ferryport Terminals (DFT)  Traffic Flows  Different traffic systems  Traffic Navigation Methods  Operational Schedule  Automatic Control Method  Turn around time of traffic in DFT 6

Dublin Port 7

Dublin Ferryport Terminal 8

Dublin Port Master Plan  Master plan – long term development  Doubling of trade volumes  60 million tonnes by 2040  2.5% per annum  New intelligent transport systems 9

Current technology used in the port environment  Containerisation  Different types of containers  Quay crane  Shunter  Straddle carrier  Reachstacker  Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) 10

State of the Art  Intelligent Autonomous Vehicle (IAV) Developed as part of the InTraDE (Intelligent Transportation for Dynamic Environment) project (received European Regional Development funding through INTERREG IV B)  360v lead-acid batteries  No rails/transporters  Platoon  Unit capacity  Actuators/360 degree steering  GPS 11

State of the Art (cont’d)  Cassette System  Transportable steel table  Floating buffer  Containers disconnected  Idle time reduced 12

State of the Art 13 Figure 7. Intelligent Autonomous Vehicle (IAV)

Research Findings and Analysis  Suitability and Application of the IAV in Dublin Port  Financial Considerations and Analysis  Financial Review of Irish Continental Group (ICG)  Ferries Division  Container and Terminal Division  Economic Outlook and Expected Cash Flows  Expected Cash Flows in Relation to Shunter  Expected Cash Flows in Relation to IAV 14

Research Findings and Analysis  Simulation  SCANeR Studio  Restricted capabilities  Supervision of the system  Simulation of the environment  Flexsim  Covers all elements  Container layouts  Discharging  Loading  Transport time  3D Visualization & animation  Excel 15

Research Findings and Analysis 16 Loading/ Discharging Transfer Storage Receipt/ Delivery

Conclusions Financial considerations were based over a 15 year period Results of operating costs of shunter €11,415,206 Results of operating costs of IAV €3,508,491 17

Conclusions Fuel costs – diesel v electric Wages – two computer operators v ten drivers Service costs – service of electric v diesel 18

Conclusions/Recommendations  Load Capacity  Battery Efficiency  Safety of the IAV 19

Publication – Journal Article Gelareh, S, Merzouki, R, McGinley, K, Murray, R Scheduling of Intelligent and Autonomous Vehicles Under Pairing/Unpairing Collaboration Strategy in Container Terminals, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. 20 Status: Accepted

Proposed PhD 2013 The Environmental Impact and potential means of improving the Intelligent Automated Vehicle (IAV) for suitability and viability in Dublin Port Kay McGinley BA(Hons)MM Department of Transport Engineering College of Engineering and Built Environment Dublin Institute of Technology Dr. Marek Rebow – Advisory Supervisor 21

Research Aims Operations management implications of different development scenarios European ports – Environmental – Energy supplies – Security – Safety 22