Flow Measurement by Ashfaq Md. Ansery.

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Presentation transcript:

Flow Measurement by Ashfaq Md. Ansery

Flow Measurement It refers to the ability- to measure the velocity, volume flow rate or mass flow rate of any liquid or gas

Flow Meter in Real Life

Why it is important? Custody transfer & Accounting Performance evaluation Process control Research & Development

Flow Meter Selection Factors Range Accuracy Required Pressure Loss Type of Indication Type of Fluid Calibration Other Factors Physical size of the meter System pressure cost Operator's skill

Flow Calibration System

Flow Meter Classification Full-bore meter Operate on all the fluids in the pipe/channel Insertion meter Do not operate on all fluids Measure mainly local velocity Use sensing element Small compare to size of the channel

Full-Bore Meter Venturimeter Orifice meter Flow nozzle and Tubes V-element meters Elbow meters Target meters -Variable Head Meter

Full-Bore Meter (cont…) Rotameter -Variable Area Meter Vortex shedding Meter Positive displacement Meter Turbine meter (velocity) Magnetic and Ultrasonic Meter (velocity) Coriolis Meter (mass) Salt Velocity Method (velocity)

Insertion Meter Pitot tube Current meter and rotating anemometer Hot wire anemometer Float measurement Photographic and optical method Thermal meters (mass)

Few Definitions Orifices Nozzles Tubes

Jet Stream issuing from an orifice, nozzle or tube Free jet Stream of liquid surrounded by a gas and therefore under the influence of gravity Submerged jet Stream of any fluid surrounded by a fluid of the same type

Coefficient of Contraction, Cc Jet Contraction Coefficient of Contraction, Cc Cc = A/Ao A= area of a jet Ao= area of orifice or other opening

Jet Contraction (cont….) Coefficient of Velocity, Cv Cv = V/Vi Vi = ideal velocity V = actual average velocity

Jet Contraction (cont….) Coefficient of Discharge, Cd Cd = Q/Qi Qi = ideal rate of discharge Q = actual rate of discharge

Chapter 15, Flow Measurement, Page 437-439 Reference Chapter 15, Flow Measurement, Page 437-439 Applied Fluid Mechanics (5th Edition) Robert L. Mott

Reference (cont…) Chapter 8, Transportation and Metering of Fluids, Page: 214 Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Fifth Edition) Warren L. McCabe Julian C. Smith Peter Harriot

Reference (cont…) Robert L. Daugherty Chapter 12, Fluid Measurements FLUID MECHANICS with Engineering Applications (SI Metric Addition) Robert L. Daugherty Joseph B. Franzini E. John Finnemore