Figure 2–1 Illustration of a simple binary counting application. Thomas L. Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

Figure 2–2 Example of inverters used to obtain the 1’s complement of a binary number. Thomas L. Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

Figure 2–3 Example of obtaining the 2’s complement of a negative binary number. Thomas L. Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

Figure 2–4 Getting the 2’s complement of a hexadecimal number, Method 1. Thomas L. Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

Figure 2–5 Getting the 2’s complement of a hexadecimal number, Method 2. Thomas L. Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

Figure 2–6 Getting the 2’s complement of a hexadecimal number, Method 3. Thomas L. Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

Figure 2–7 A simplified illustration of how the Gray code solves the error problem in shaft position encoders. Thomas L. Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.