Organic Macromolecules The Nucleic Acids The Nucleic Acids.

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Presentation transcript:

Organic Macromolecules The Nucleic Acids The Nucleic Acids

What are Nucleic Acids? There are two major types of nucleic acid. There are two major types of nucleic acid. Deoxyribonucleic Acids (DNA) Deoxyribonucleic Acids (DNA) Ribonucleic acids (RNA) Ribonucleic acids (RNA)

Function of Nucleic Acids DNA is known as the molecule of heredity. DNA is known as the molecule of heredity. Your DNA determines all of your traits, and is what makes you a unique individual. Your DNA determines all of your traits, and is what makes you a unique individual. You get half of your DNA from your Mother, and the other half from your Father. You get half of your DNA from your Mother, and the other half from your Father. Your DNA is contained within the nucleus of every cell in your body. Your DNA is contained within the nucleus of every cell in your body. Your Mitochondria has it’s own DNA, but it isn’t used to determine your characteristics. Your Mitochondria has it’s own DNA, but it isn’t used to determine your characteristics.

DNA continued DNA is a molecule that carries a lot of information. DNA is a molecule that carries a lot of information. This information is used to create proteins. This information is used to create proteins. Your hair color, eye color, and blood type are all traits that are determined by the proteins your body makes. Your hair color, eye color, and blood type are all traits that are determined by the proteins your body makes.

RNA There are three types of RNA and they all work together to create proteins based on the information in your DNA. There are three types of RNA and they all work together to create proteins based on the information in your DNA. The three types of RNA are The three types of RNA are Messenger RNA (mRNA)Messenger RNA (mRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Transfer RNA(tRNA)Transfer RNA(tRNA)

DNA and RNA in action. We don’t need to go into more detail at this point. We don’t need to go into more detail at this point. We will spend an entire Unit on how DNA and RNA work together to create proteins. We will spend an entire Unit on how DNA and RNA work together to create proteins.

Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids Like ProteiNs and Carbohydates, Nucleic Acids are considered polymers. Like ProteiNs and Carbohydates, Nucleic Acids are considered polymers. The monomers or building blocks of Nucleic Acids are called Nucleotides. The monomers or building blocks of Nucleic Acids are called Nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. Each nucleotide consists of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

Structural formula of Nucleotides For every nucleotide, the phosphate group is identical, it has a molecular formula PO 4. For every nucleotide, the phosphate group is identical, it has a molecular formula PO 4. For DNA, the 5-carbon sugar is called Deoxyribose. For RNA, the 5-carbon sugar is called Ribose. For DNA, the 5-carbon sugar is called Deoxyribose. For RNA, the 5-carbon sugar is called Ribose.

The nucleotide

Nucleotides continued Both DNA and RNA have four different types of nitrogen base. Both DNA and RNA have four different types of nitrogen base. DNA has Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, and Thymine. DNA has Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, and Thymine. RNA has Cytosine, Guanine, RNA has Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, and Uracil Adenine, and Uracil

The Base-Pair Rule This rule tells us how complimentary strand of nucleic acids link up. This rule tells us how complimentary strand of nucleic acids link up. Cytosine always bonds with Guanine, and Adenine always bonds with Thymine. Cytosine always bonds with Guanine, and Adenine always bonds with Thymine. In RNA, Thymine is replaced by Uracil, which likewise bonds only with Adenine. In RNA, Thymine is replaced by Uracil, which likewise bonds only with Adenine.

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