Earth’s Changing Atmosphere CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER Earth’s Changing Atmosphere the BIG idea Earth’s atmosphere is a blanket of gases that supports and protects life. 15.1 Earth’s atmosphere supports life. 15.2 The Sun supplies the atmosphere’s energy. 15.3 Gases in the atmosphere absorb radiation. 15.4 Human activities affect the atmosphere. CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER RESOURCES
Earth’s atmosphere supports life. 15.1 Earth’s atmosphere supports life. The atmosphere is a thin layer surrounding Earth. Gases in the atmosphere provide substances essential for living things. Natural cycles and sudden changes affect the atmosphere. atmosphere altitude density cycle Gases of Earth's Atmosphere click image to enlarge CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE
15.1 atmosphere Earth’s atmosphere supports life. altitude The outer layer of gases of a large body in space, such as a planet or star; the mixture of gases that surrounds the solid Earth; one of the four spheres of the Earth system. density cycle CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
15.1 altitude Earth’s atmosphere supports life. The distance above sea level. density cycle CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
15.1 density Earth’s atmosphere supports life. altitude A measure of the amount of matter packed into a unit volume; the density of an object is equal to its mass divided by its volume. density cycle CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
15.1 cycle Earth’s atmosphere supports life. altitude n. A series of events or actions that repeat regularly; a continual physical and/or chemical process in which one material continually changes locations and/or forms, for example, the water cycle, the carbon cycle, and the rock cycle. density cycle v. To move through a repeating series of events or actions. CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
The Sun supplies the atmosphere’s energy. 15.2 The Sun supplies the atmosphere’s energy. Energy from the Sun moves through Earth's atmosphere in three ways. radiation conduction Transfer of Energy Radiation, conduction, and convection move energy from place to place. convection CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE
The Sun supplies the atmosphere’s energy. 15.2 The Sun supplies the atmosphere’s energy. Energy from the Sun moves through Earth's atmosphere in three ways. radiation conduction convection VISUALIZATION See radiation, conduction, and convection in action. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE
The Sun supplies the atmosphere’s energy. 15.2 The Sun supplies the atmosphere’s energy. Density and temperature change with altitude. The layers, from top to bottom, are radiation conduction • thermosphere convection • mesosphere • stratosphere • troposphere CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE
15.2 radiation The Sun supplies the atmosphere’s energy. conduction convection The transfer of energy across distances in the form of electromagnetic waves. CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
15.2 conduction The Sun supplies the atmosphere’s energy. radiation conduction conduction convection The transfer of heat energy from one substance to another through direct contact without obvious motion. CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
15.2 convection The Sun supplies the atmosphere’s energy. radiation convection conduction convection The transfer of energy from place to place by the motion of heated gas or liquid; in Earth’s mantle, convection is thought to transfer energy by the motion of solid rock, which when under great heat and pressure can move like a liquid. CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
Gases in the atmosphere absorb radiation. 15.3 Gases in the atmosphere absorb radiation. Ozone molecules in the stratosphere absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation. ultraviolet radiation infrared radiation ozone greenhouse effect greenhouse gas CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE
Gases in the atmosphere absorb radiation. 15.3 Gases in the atmosphere absorb radiation. Greenhouse gases in the troposphere keep Earth warm by absorbing and emitting infrared radiation. ultraviolet radiation infrared radiation ozone greenhouse effect greenhouse gas CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE
Gases in the atmosphere absorb radiation. 15.3 Gases in the atmosphere absorb radiation. Greenhouse gases in the troposphere keep Earth warm by absorbing and emitting infrared radiation. ultraviolet radiation infrared radiation ozone greenhouse effect greenhouse gas VISUALIZATION See how the greenhouse effect works. CLASSZONE.COM CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE
ultraviolet radiation 15.3 Gases in the atmosphere absorb radiation. ultraviolet radiation ultraviolet radiation infrared radiation ozone Radiation of higher frequencies than visible light, which can cause sunburn and other types of damage. greenhouse effect greenhouse gas CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
15.3 infrared radiation Gases in the atmosphere absorb radiation. ultraviolet radiation infrared radiation infrared radiation ozone Radiation of lower frequencies than visible light. greenhouse effect greenhouse gas CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
15.3 ozone Gases in the atmosphere absorb radiation. ultraviolet radiation ozone infrared radiation ozone A gas molecule that consists of three oxygen atoms. greenhouse effect greenhouse gas CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
15.3 greenhouse effect Gases in the atmosphere absorb radiation. ultraviolet radiation greenhouse effect infrared radiation ozone A gas, such as carbon dioxide or methane, that absorbs and gives off infrared radiation as part of the greenhouse effect. greenhouse effect greenhouse gas CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
15.3 greenhouse gas Gases in the atmosphere absorb radiation. ultraviolet radiation greenhouse gas infrared radiation ozone A gas, such as carbon dioxide or methane, that absorbs and gives off infrared radiation as part of the greenhouse effect. greenhouse effect greenhouse gas CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
Human activities affect the atmosphere. 15.4 Human activities affect the atmosphere. Human activities have added pollutants and ozone-destroying chemicals to the atmosphere. air pollution particulate fossil fuel Natural Sources • dust, pollen, soil, salt • volcanoes and forest fires: gases and particles Human Activities • fossil fuels: gases and particles • unburned fuels: smog • manufacturing: gases and particles • tractors/construction equipment: dust and soil • farming: fertilizers and pesticides smog CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE
Human activities affect the atmosphere. 15.4 Human activities affect the atmosphere. The amounts of greenhouse gases have been increasing and global temperatures are rising. air pollution particulate fossil fuel smog CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE
15.4 air pollution Human activities affect the atmosphere. particulate fossil fuel Harmful materials added to the air that can cause damage to living things and the environment. smog CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
15.4 particulate Human activities affect the atmosphere. air pollution particulate particulate fossil fuel A tiny particle or droplet, such as dust, dirt, or pollen, that is mixed in with air. smog CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
15.4 fossil fuel Human activities affect the atmosphere. air pollution fossil fuel particulate fossil fuel A fuel formed from the remains of prehistoric organisms that is burned for energy. smog CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
15.4 smog Human activities affect the atmosphere. air pollution smog particulate fossil fuel The combination of smoke and fog; a type of air pollution that occurs when sunlight causes unburnt fuels, fumes, and other gases to react chemically, often seen as a brownish haze. smog CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
15.1 Earth’s atmosphere supports life. I. Earth’s atmosphere supports life. atmosphere A. The atmosphere makes life on Earth possible. altitude 1. Characteristics of the Atmosphere density 2. Materials in the Atmosphere cycle B. Natural processes modify the atmosphere. 1. Ongoing Processes 2. Sudden Changes CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
15.2 The Sun supplies the atmosphere’s energy. II. The Sun supplies the atmosphere’s energy. radiation A. Energy from the Sun heats the atmosphere. conduction B. The atmosphere moves energy. convection C. The atmosphere has temperature layers. CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
15.3 Gases in the atmosphere absorb radiation. III. Gases in the atmosphere absorb radiation. ultraviolet radiation A. Gases can absorb and give off radiation. infrared radiation B. The ozone layer protects life from harmful radiation. ozone greenhouse effect C. The greenhouse effect keeps Earth warm. greenhouse gas CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
15.4 Human activities affect the atmosphere. IV. Human activities affect the atmosphere. air pollution A. Human activity can cause air pollution. particulate 1. Types of Pollution fossil fuel 2. Effects of Pollution smog 3. Controlling Pollution B. Human activities are increasing greenhouse gases. 1. Sources of Greenhouse Gases 2. Global Warming 3. Reducing Greenhouse Gases CHAPTER RESOURCES C. Human activities produce chemicals that destroy the ozone layer. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
Image Gallery Click on the icons to see a larger image or animation. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery Click on the icons to see a larger image or animation. VISUALIZATION See radiation, conduction, and convection in action. VISUALIZATION See how the greenhouse effect works. CLASSZONE.COM
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Image Gallery convection conduction heat source radiation CHAPTER HOME BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY
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