Application of Quality Improvement Techniques to the Powder Coat Process Joan Burtner, Chris Durre & Nikki Smith Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Mercer University, Macon, GA
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University2 The Six Sigma Approach in the Business Community Six Sigma - a comprehensive system for achieving, sustaining and maximizing business success Drivers a close understanding of customer needs, disciplined use of facts, data, and statistical analysis diligent attention to managing, improving, and reinventing the business process
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University3 Benefits of the Six Sigma Approach cost reduction productivity improvement market-share growth customer retention cycle-time reduction defect reduction culture change product/service development
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University4 The Six Sigma Philosophy Designed to foster data-driven management decisions The Three C’s common metrics “constant” communication culture change
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University5 Selection Criteria for Six Sigma Improvement Projects There is a gap between current and desired/needed performance. The cause of the problem is not clearly understood. The solution isn’t predetermined, nor is the optimal solution apparent.
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University6 School of Engineering Senior Design Course Two semester course required for graduation with a bachelor’s degree in engineering or industrial management Student Teams Two or three students Often interdisciplinary Management Senior design course instructor Departmental technical advisor Client – internal or external
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University7 Paint Cell Project Interdisciplinary team Industrial management Industrial engineering Technical advisor - Joan Burtner External client Georgia manufacturer Practices Six Sigma philosophy
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University8 Powder Coat Process Overview Material - powdered paint Two basic application methods Part is lowered into a fluidized bed of the powder, which is electrostatically charged Powdered paint is electrostatically charged and sprayed onto the part Curing Part placed in an oven - powder particles melt and form a continuous film
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University9 Powder Coat Equipment Spray Gun Corona charging guns -electric power used to generate the electrostatic charge Tribot charging guns - electrostatic charge generated by friction between the powder and the gun barrel “Bell” charging guns -powder charged by being "flung" from the perimeter of the "bell
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University10 Powder Coat Facility Typical Spray Booth Courtesy: Accessed March 12, 2004
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University11 Quality Issues Surface preparation Operators Training Skill Coverage Color change Cleanliness/ contamination
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University12 Six Sigma Methodology Define Measure Analyze Improve Control Project Scope D-M-A
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University13 Preliminary Process Map Load Wash Unload Paint Cure Dry ReworkAccept
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University14 Process Step #InputMeasure System C/U Type OutputMeasure System Load4 Wash4 Dry2 Drying ovenVisual inspection CDry panelVisual inspection Paint6 Cure2 Unload1 Rework2 Paint Cell Process Matrix
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University15 Key Customer Requirements Minimal paint thickness Even coverage Scratch-free parts
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University16 Preliminary Data Collection Student teams Observer Recorder Random sampling 75 observations for control charts Collection sheet variables determined by client
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University17 Revised Data Collection Student teams Observer – voltage, temperature, etc Thickness gauge operator Thickness gauge recorder Revised data collection form Limited variables – panel, color, hook, 5 locations Larger cells for recording data
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University18 #Process Step Process Input Paint Thickness Even Coverage Damage Free Total Customer Imp 7 Customer Imp 9 Customer Imp 10 1Load Hook 3*33 78** 2Load Conveyor Paint Spray Gun Cure Temp Cause and Effect Matrix * Correlation values 0, 1, 3, 9 **Sample calculation 7*3+9*3+10*3=78
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University19 Control Charting Deliverables Target Factor - paint thickness Data collection plan Documentation of plan as standard operating procedure Control chart training materials Control charts of baseline data
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University20 Control Charting Locations Factor - paint thickness 5 locations Repeated measures 25 samples for baseline chart North West Middle East South
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University21 Control Charting Sample Preliminary Range not in control
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University22 Control Charting Sample Results - Revised Range in control Xbar not in control
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University23 Designed Experiments Dependent variable - paint thickness Factor 1 - location Factor 2 - shift Statistical software package - Minitab
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University24 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Techniques 48 process steps selected for investigation 4 experts polled Operators Management Ratings entered into basic FMEA worksheet RPNs calculated Process steps ranked by RPN (high to low)
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University25 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis - Category Ratings 1 Severity of Effect (10-1) Hazardous without warning Hazardous with warning Loss of primary function Reduced primary function performance Loss of secondary function Reduced secondary function performance Minor defect noticed by most customers Minor defect noticed by some customers Minor defect noticed by discriminating customers No effect
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University26 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis - Category Ratings 2 Likelihood of Occurrence 9 Very High: Almost inevitable 7 High: repeated failures 4 Moderate: Occasional failures 2 Low: Relatively few failures 1 Remote: Failure is unlikely
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University27 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis - Category Ratings 3 Ability to Detect (10-1) Cannot detect Very remote chance of detection Remote chance of detection Very low chance of detection Low chance of detection Moderately high chance of detection High chance of detection Very high chance of detection Almost certain detection
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University28 Risk Priority Number Example Calculations Paint Material – accident or transport failure Potential Failure Effect Lack of paint consistency Severity of Effect rating 4 Potential Cause Dropped powder Likelihood of Occurrence rating 3 Current Control Lifting procedures Ability to Detect rating 3 Severity*Likelihood*Detection = 36 = RPN
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University29 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis Results Ratings ranged from 300s to 20s Uncontrolled process steps eliminated Critical controlled process steps Powder application - operator Cure process Powder application - spray gun Loading Unloading
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University30 Control Plan Worksheet Critical to Quality (CTQs) factors listed according to RPN ranking Process step as listed in process map Inputs/outputs Process specifications Measurement system Current control plan Control method Who Where When Reaction plan
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University31 Control Plan Follow-up Revision of current standard operating procedures (SOP) Establishment of standard operating procedures for CTQs that do not already have an SOP Periodic review
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University32 Future Work Phase 1 Development of plan for constant metrics Implementation of new SOPs Phase 2 Periodic process review Implementation of new metrics as needed Phase 3 Project closure Implementation of related Six Sigma projects
IIE Annual Conference May 2004Presenter: Dr. Joan Burtner, Mercer University33 Contact Information Room 105D, School of Engineering Phone (478) Fax (478)