1. CQE Handbook 3rd edition Ch. 27 Quality Control Tools
Presented by Dr. Joan Burtner
Certified Quality Engineer
Associate Professor of
Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management

2. Seven Basic Tools as defined by the American Society for Quality (ASQ)
Check Sheet
Pareto Chart
Scatter Diagram
Histogram
Cause-and-Effect Diagram
Flowchart
Control Chart
ISE 428 ETM 528 Spring 2016
Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

3. Basic Quality Tool : Check Sheet
Also known as a tally sheet
Helps gather data on the frequency of occurrence of particular events or defects
Check sheet design often requires prior knowledge of the process
Poor Performance on Statistics Exam Check Sheet SS MS JB RR GB
didn't eat breakfast √
not enough sleep
didn't study
too many exams that day
didn't understand topic
poor math skills
unfair test
forgot to bring calculator
ISE 428 ETM 528 Spring 2016
Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

4. Basic Quality Tool : Check Sheet Mechanics
Design the check sheet for a given application. sheet
Record the data.
Use the data for analysis or input to additional graphical tools such as Pareto charts or histograms.
Poor Performance on Statistics Exam Check Sheet SS MS JB RR GB
didn't eat breakfast √
not enough sleep
didn't study
too many exams that day
didn't understand topic
poor math skills
unfair test
forgot to bring calculator
ISE 428 ETM 528 Spring 2016
Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

5. Basic Quality Tool : Pareto Chart
Pareto (an 1800s Italian economist) noted that 80 percent of the wealth in Italy was held by 20 percent of the population. This is called the Pareto Principle.
Juran (20th century) applied the Pareto Principle to quality improvement
vital few
useful many (sometimes called trivial many)
Mechanics
Minitab offers a built-in function for the Pareto chart
Manual method: Count items in each category. Plot on graph in order of descending frequency.
ISE 428 ETM 528 Spring 2016
Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

6. Basic Quality Tool : Pareto Chart
Causes are frequently documented in a check sheet which is used to generate a Pareto chart
Managers use Pareto charts to help focus or prioritize process improvement efforts
The chart to the right was generated in Minitab
ISE 428 ETM 528 Spring 2016
Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

7. Basic Quality Tool : Scatter Diagram
Also known as an X-Y graph
Purpose is to graphically display indications of a relationship between two variables
Caution: A statistical correlation does not guarantee a direct cause and effect.
Caution: Excel will yield the equation for a straight line “best fit”
ISE 428 ETM 528 Spring 2016
Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

8. Basic Quality Tool : Scatter Diagram Mechanics
Select two variables of interest.
Set a scale for the axes.
Collect and chart the data.
Evaluate the results.
Linear/nonlinear
Positive/negative
ISE 428 ETM 528 Spring 2016
Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

9. Basic Quality Tool : Histogram
Purpose is to graphically depict the frequency of occurrence , where occurrences are sorted into categories of a defined range along a continuous scale
X-axis shows cell boundaries
Y-axis shows cell frequency
Shape of the bars is only a rough indication of the distribution
ISE 428 ETM 528 Spring 2016
Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

10. Basic Quality Tool : Histogram Mechanics
Determine the amount of data to be collected
Determine number of columns or bins to be used
Collect and record data
Prepare the graphic and graph the data (Minitab and Excel have built-in functions for histograms)
X-axis shows bin boundaries
Y-axis shows bin frequency
ISE 428 ETM 528 Spring 2016
Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

11. Basic Quality Tool : Cause-and-Effect Diagram
Used to show the many different causes that may contribute to a problem (effect)
Causes are frequently generated through brainstorming sessions
Other names
Fishbone diagram
Ishikawa diagram
C-E diagram
4 M diagram
4 P diagram
6 M diagram
Methods
Machine
Flat Tire
Man
Materials
ISE 428 ETM 528 Spring 2016
Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

12. Basic Quality Tool : Cause-and-Effect Diagram Mechanics
Select a single problem or opportunity (effect)
Identify major causes
Identify the minor causes associated with each major cause. (Add structure.)
Identify additional cause structure. (Add detail.)
Note: Ideas are frequently generated through brainstorming sessions conducted BEFORE major/minor causes are identified.
People
Policy
Difficulty finding billing office
Plant
Procedure
ISE 428 ETM 528 Spring 2016
Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

13. Basic Quality Tool : Popular C-E Diagram Categories
4M Chart
Man
Machine
Methods
Materials
4P Chart
People
Policies
Procedures
Plant
6M Chart
Man
Machine
Methods
Materials
Mother Nature
Measurement
ISE 428 ETM 528 Spring 2016
Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

14. Basic Quality Tool : Flowchart
Purpose is to provide a graphic representation of the elements, components, or tasks associated with a process
Maps the sequence of steps and decision points in a process
Helps group to have common understanding of the process
Load
Wash
Dry
Paint
Cure
Distribute
Scrap
ISE 428 ETM 528 Spring 2016
Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

15. Basic Quality Tool : Flowchart Mechanics
Select a start and stop point.
List major steps/tasks and decision points. (Show in sequential order.)
Use standardized graphical symbols to document the process.
Review results. (Verify and refine as necessary.)
Note: It is standard protocol to have more than one person independently verify results.
Start
Basic processing
Flow
Decision
ISE 428 ETM 528 Spring 2016
Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

16. Basic Quality Tool : Control Chart
Purpose
Indicates how a process behaves over time
Shows when a process is being influenced by special causes
Chart consists of UCL, CL, LCL, and data points
Examined for nonrandom patterns
See Chapter 37 for mechanics of construction
ISE 428 ETM 528 Spring 2016
Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

17. Contact Information
US Mail:
Dr. Joan Burtner, Chair
Department of Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management
Mercer University School of Engineering
1501 Mercer University Drive
Macon, GA
Phone: (478)
ISE 428 ETM 528 Spring 2016
Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering