By Abbie D., Jamie D., Cade G., Dylan M., and Cassie R.

 Constitutional -King must be elected  Largest European State -Stretches 800 miles East across Europe -From Black Sea to Baltic Sea  Ruled by Russian puppet Stanislas  Stanislas controlled by Catherine II ( )  Made up of two parts: -The Poland Proper: Western Kingdom -Grand Duchy of Lithuania Population made up mostly of Germans and German Jews Szlachta- Polish Aristocracy -Made up 8% of population Political Parties: Pro-French & Pro- Swiss No nationalism Useless government Its ultimate disappearance was a blow to France -used it to spread French influence throughout Eastern Europe

 Liberum Veto- free veto could be used  Jacobinism- one who supports Central Republic  Aristocracy- Upper Class  Szlachta- Polish Aristocracy  Partition- the action of being divided  Muscotives- persons from Russia  “Balance of Power”- nations having equal power or one nation having more power than the others Puppet State- other countries controlled its affairs

 1660: East Prussian Fief became independent from Polish crown  1667: Muscovites re-conquered Smolensk and kiev  1733: Election precipitated the war of Polish Succession -Polish Patriots wanted to get rid of Liberum Veto -opposed by foreign powers  1763: Election of King Stanislas -Orchestrated by Catherine II (former lovers) -Catherine declared herself protector of Polish Liberties  1772: War between Turkey and Russia -Weaked Turkish Empire -Russia took hold of Balance of Power War Turkey vs. Russia Cont. -Austria and Prussia were wary of Russia 1772: First Partition -To prevent an Austro-Russian war -Stated that Austria, Prussia, Russia can annex land from Poland 1791: Polish reformers create constitution 1792: Russia and Prussia invade Poland -leads to 2 nd partition 1793: Second Partition -between Russia and Prussia -only small central part was left 1795: Third Partition -Austria, Prussia, and Russia divided up what was left of Poland -Poland no longer existed

 Catherine II (Catherine the Great)- longest ruling female, influenced her power in Poland  Alexander I- Czar of Russia, First King of Poland, wanted to liberalize his country’s government, son of Catherine II  Stanislas Poniatowski- Russian (Puppet) King, Catherine II’s former lover, controlled by Catherine  Thaddeus Kosciusko- lead revolution to propose the abolition of serfdom in 1794  Maria Sobieski- grand-daughter of James III Sobieski, Polish, noble woman

 Absolutist State  Elected Kings  No nationalism; no one cares  Not paid attention to; useless  Because it was a puppet state, it was controlled by other countries; the government was not needed  No national middle class  Internal division: Germans vs. Polish

 Absolutism was not successful in Poland  They did not have a real ruler -he was a puppet figure  Completely taken over by Austria, Russia, and Prussia  They were not strong enough to fight them off  Austria, Prussia, and Russia became stronger from the partition of Poland; Poland was ultimately destroyed by it