Soils, Minerals, Wood, & Other Vegetative Matter

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Presentation transcript:

Soils, Minerals, Wood, & Other Vegetative Matter bsapp.com

Soils, Minerals, Wood, and Other Vegetative Matter. Location Link suspect Trace Evidence bsapp.com

Soil Any material, both natural and artificial, that lies on or near Earth's surface Most of this evidence is only useful as support or lead generating bsapp.com

Examination of Soil Throughout the examination of soil an observer must: Look for trace evidence Compare the physical and chemical properties of each sample to a control sample bsapp.com

Matching Soil Samples Two samples are considered to be the same if and only if they match on each and every step of the following tests bsapp.com

Dry Samples & Pulverize Dirt changes shade and color at different moisture levels Dried dirt may clot bsapp.com

Soil colors Geologists estimate nearly 1100 soil colors Munsell Soil Color Chart

Visual Examination Color Texture Shapes Foreign Objects bsapp.com

UV-Observations Note the shape, size, number, and identity (if possible) of any material that fluoresces Compare Samples bsapp.com

2200 different fluorescent minerals in Soil

Forensic Geologists only encounter about 40 Mineral Ultraviolet Fluorescence Table http://www.vaughns-1-pagers.com/science/fluorescent-mineral-colors.htm

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Microscopic Observation Color Texture Shapes Foreign Objects bsapp.com

Microscopic examinations best on small thin quantities of soil

Place a thin layer of dirt on a slide bsapp.com

WARNING Place only a small amount of sample on the slide at a time. Be sure the dirt is placed only in the center of the slide so as not to allow it to fall in the microscope. bsapp.com

Place a second slide on top of the sample bsapp.com

Naked Eye bsapp.com

Microscopic x10 bsapp.com

Microscopic x40 (Cotton Fiber) bsapp.com

Final Comparison Any and all foreign objects found should be investigated separately If all previous comparisons are similar between two samples they likely originate from the same area As final comparison density gradient columns may be utilized bsapp.com

Naked Eye bsapp.com

Microscopic x40 (Minerals) bsapp.com

Naked Eye bsapp.com

Microscopic x40 (Organic Material) bsapp.com

copyright of Brennon Sapp and bsapp.com.

Density Gradient Tubes Assemble two identical density columns with varying levels of liquids in them Drop equal amounts of soil samples (a control and unknown) in the columns Allow the samples to disperse throughout the columns for comparison If the two samples are of the same origin, then they will produce nearly identical gradient tubes bsapp.com

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bsapp.com When soil is added to a density-gradient tube, its particles will sink to the portion of the tube that has a density of similar value; the particles will remain suspended in the liquid at this point until the soil becomes saturated bsapp.com