by L. Calvert @ CE Utt Middle School Division of Labor by L. Calvert @ CE Utt Middle School

and how is it necessary for civilization? Essential Question: What is division of labor and how is it necessary for civilization?

1. How did the division of labor begin in Mesopotamia? Once Mesopotamia produced enough food….not everyone had to be a farmer Other types of occupations arose (This is called division of labor) Talk about surplus

2. What types of jobs (other than farming) were created in Mesopotamia? Ancient Mesopotamian pottery

2. What types of jobs (other than farming) were created in Mesopotamia? potter herdsman (raise and sell animals and animal products) tent maker medal worker scribe trader weaver house builder priest artisan boatman Mesopotamia pottery, cuneiform tablet (scribe), Sumerian golden beer mug, jewelry from the royal tomb of Ur (metal working)

3. What is the definition of division of labor? An economic arrangement in which each worker specializes in a particular task or job. (Specialized workers) Mesopotamia cylinder seal: used to sign name because most people could not read or write

4. Why do all civilizations have division of labor?

4. Why do all civilizations have division of labor/specialized jobs? Specialized labor is necessary for a civilization to exist Once everyone has enough to eat, people can focus on improving their lives through new inventions. They have the time to invent new things… Bill Gates, etc…

5. Name some specialized job categories in America.

5. Name some specialized job categories in America.

Top 1% wage earners in the United States by occupation

6. Today, what percent of U.S. workers are farmers?

6. Today, what percent of U.S. workers are farmers? less than 2% of the U.S. workers are farmers.

7. What do our farmers produce today?

7. USA Top 20 Farm Products (ranked in order of value with volume in metric tons) 1. Corn 256,900,000 2. Cattle meat 11,736,000 3. Cow's milk, 78,155,000 4. Chicken meat 15,006,000 5. Soybeans 65,800,000 6. Pig meat 8,574,000 7. Wheat 63,590,000 8. Cotton lint 3,968,000 9. Hen eggs 5,141,000 10. Turkey meat 2,584,000 11. Tomatoes 12,275,000 12. Potatoes 20,820,000 13. Grapes 6,126,000 14. Oranges 10,473,000 15. Rice, paddy 9,034,000 16. Apples 4,242,000 17. Sorghum 10,446,000 18. Lettuce 4,490,000 19. Cottonseed 6,073,000 20. Sugar beets 27,760,000

7. USA Top 20 Farm Products (ranked in order of value with volume in metric tons) 11. Tomatoes 12,275,000 12. Potatoes 20,820,000 13. Grapes 6,126,000 14. Oranges 10,473,000 15. Rice, paddy 9,034,000 16. Apples 4,242,000 17. Sorghum 10,446,000 18. Lettuce 4,490,000 19. Cottonseed 6,073,000 20. Sugar beets 27,760,000

Fast Facts About Agriculture 2.2 million farms dot America’s rural landscape. About 97 percent of U.S. farms are operated by families – individuals, family partnerships or family corporations. Farm and ranch families comprise just 2 percent of the U.S. population. More than 21 million American workers (15 percent of the total U.S. workforce) produce, process and sell the nation’s food and fiber Today’s farmers produce 262 percent more food with 2 percent fewer inputs (labor, seeds, feed, fertilizer, etc.), compared with 1950. In 2010, $115 billion worth of American agricultural products were exported around the world. The United States sells more food and fiber to world markets than we import, creating a positive agricultural trade balance. One in three U.S. farm acres is planted for export. 31 percent of U.S. gross farm income comes directly from exports. About 23 percent of raw U.S. farm products are exported each year. Farmers and ranchers receive only 16 cents out of every dollar spent on food at home and away from home. The rest goes for costs beyond the farm gate: wages and materials for production, processing, marketing, transportation and distribution. In 1980, farmers and ranchers received 31 cents. U.S. farm programs typically cost each American just pennies per meal and account for less than one-half of 1 percent of the total U.S. budget. Americans enjoy a food supply that abundant, affordable overall and among the world’s safest, thanks in large part to the efficiency and productivity of America’s farm and ranch families.

So once Mesopotamia produced a surplus of food… People were able to concentrate on other things (than just feeding themselves) New technologies were developed Artisans created useful domestic items People acquired more things Bartering and trade began This led to division of labor, or specialized labor

Summary: Division of labor is necessary for a civilization because… civ·i·li·za·tion, sivələˈzāSHən/ Noun 1. the stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced. 2. the process by which a society or place reaches an advanced stage of social development and organization synonyms: human development, advancement, progress, enlightenment, culture, refinement, sophistication A civilization cannot exist without specialized labor/division of labor