The Middle & Southern Colonies

3a. What was the goal of the patroon system? to attract settlers 3b. What three Middle Colonies offered Religious freedom? Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York 3c. What were three crops grown in the Southern Colonies? rice, indigo, tobacco

“The Middle Colonies” on p. 83 Read “The Middle Colonies” on p. 83 What attracted Catholics, Quakers, and Jews to these colonies? What economic activities were important in the Middle Colonies?

New York

Settling the Middle Colonies

Henry Hudson’s Voyages

New Netherlands New Netherlands  founded in the Hudson River area (1623-1624) Established by Dutch West India Company for quick-profit fur trade. Manhattan [New Amsterdam] Purchased by Company for pennies per (22,000) acre.

New Amsterdam, 1660 Characteristics of New Amsterdam: Patroon system - estates granted to a person who would settle 50 people on them. A diverse population with many different languages.

New Netherlands & New Sweden

Swedes in New Netherlands 1655  Dutch under governor Peter Stuyvesant attack New Sweden. New Sweden absorbed into New Netherland.

New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Colony King Charles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!] 1664  English soldiers arrived. Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses. Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a shot. Renamed “New York” England gained strategic harbor between her northern & southern colonies. England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

Duke of York’s Original Charter

New Amsterdam, 1664

Dutch influence in New York Early 20c Dutch Revival Building in NYC. New York City seal. Names  Harlem, Brooklyn Architecture  gambrel roof Customs  Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles, bowling, sleighing, skating, kolf [golf].

Summarize the population of New York: Settled by Dutch, overtaken by the English . Germans, Swedes also settled there - A diverse population & culture.

Pennsylvania

The Quakers Called Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices. They offended religious & political leaders in England. Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England. Believed all were equal before God – no special priveledges. Pacifists – against war, violence

William Penn Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”]. 1681  he received a grant from king to establish a colony. Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”].

Royal Land Grant to Penn

Penn & Native Americans Bought [didn’t simply take] land from Indians. Quakers went among the Indians unarmed.

Penn’s Treaty with the Native Americans

Pennsylvanian Society A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty, & religious freedom!! Attracted many different people Religious misfits from other colonies. Many different ethnic groups. No military defense. No restrictions on immigration. No slavery!!

Urban Population Growth 1650 - 1775

Summarize religious freedom of Pennsylvania: Religious differences were tolerated

Summarize Pennsylvania’s relations with Native Americans: Relatively friendly, because of the influence of Quaker beliefs.

New Jersey

New Jersey — PA’s Neighbor 1664  proprietors (Sir George Carterat & Lord John Berleley received the area from the Duke of York. Promised religious freedom, large grants of land, and a representative assembly.

How did New Jersey attract settlers (its charter)? Proprietors – Sir George Carterat & Lord John Berkeley Promised religious freedom, large grants of land, and a representative assembly.

Delaware

Delaware — PA’s Neighbor Named after Lord De La Warr [harsh military governor of VA in 1610]. 1704  Penn granted 3 lower counties its own assembly. Later broke away to form the colony of Delaware.

Ch.3.3 – The Southern Colonies 1. Tobacco uses up soil Nutrients in 3 or 4 years. Clear new land & plant a new crop 2. Plantation owners face a labor shortage for their tobacco & rice crops. Bring in more slaves & indentured servants 3. Religious tolerance, free land, & representative govt. The Proprietors in the Carolinas need more settlers. 4. Proprietors in the Carolinas do not protect the colonists very well. Colonists overthrow the Proprietors, & the Carolinas became royal colonies

5. James Oglethorpe founds Georgia for debtors & the poor. Debtors & poor people in England need a fresh start. 6. Bring a large free population to Georgia to own & defend the land. Spanish attack the English colonies from Florida 7. Colonists in Georgia envy the wealth in the Carolina. Slavery is legalized in Georgia. 8. Poor settlers lose their land to wealthy Landowners. Poor settlers move West to the frontier.

Ch.3.3 – The Southern Colonies In your notebooks, list the 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

What present day states made up the Southern Colonies What present day states made up the Southern colonies?

Ch. 3.3 The Southern Colonies Today’s target: Describe the settlement of the southern colonies

Maryland

What kind of society was planned for Maryland? A Colony for Catholics And . . . Toleration Act of 1649 Guaranteed freedom to all CHRISTIANS.

The Settlement of Maryland A charter was granted to George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, in 1632. A proprietary colony created in 1634 for Catholics A better location than Jamestown – why? Tobacco would be the main crop. In the late 1600s, black slaves began to be imported.

Colonization of Maryland

St Mary’s City (1634)

Currency in Early Maryland

MD Toleration Act, 1649

The Carolinas Charles II rewarded 8 supporters from the English Civil War a grant of land named “Carolina”

Settling the “Lower South” Settlers from Virginia Settlers from West Indies

From The West Indies to Mainland America 1670  a group of small English farmers from the West Indies (Barbados) arrived in Carolina & French Protestants Native American land was taken & they were sold into slavery. By 1710  black slaves were a majority in Carolina.

Port of Charles Town, SC Also named for King Charles II of England. Became the busiest port in the South. Religious toleration attracted diverse inhabitants.

American Long Grain Rice Crops of the Carolinas: Rice The primary export. Rice - was still an exotic food in England. Was grown in Africa, so planters imported West African slaves. These slaves had a genetic trait that made them immune to malaria. American Long Grain Rice

Crops of the Carolinas: Indigo main use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.

Rice & Indigo Exports from SC & GA: 1698-1775

The Emergence of North Carolina Northern part of Carolina shared a border with VA Dissenters from VA moved south to northern Carolina. 1712  NC officially separated from SC.

Georgia

18c Southern Colonies

Late-Coming Georgia Founded in 1733. Last of the 13 colonies. Named in honor of King George II. Founded by James Oglethorpe.

Georgia--The “Buffer” Colony Chief Purpose of Creating Georgia: Became a royal colony to serve as a “buffer” between the Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana. Export silk and wine. A place for debtors thrown into prison.

The Port City of Savannah Diverse community. All Christians except Catholics enjoyed religious toleration. Missionaries worked among debtors and Indians.