Tamara Yankovich Division of Transport Radiation and Waste Safety International Working Forum on Regulatory Supervision of Legacy Sites (RSLS) Tamara Yankovich Division of Transport Radiation and Waste Safety Vienna, Austria 22-24 October 2013 “MODARIA”

Talk Outline: Concepts and context. Overview of development of international standards. Objectives of IAEA’s MODARIA Programme. Linkages between development of IAEA standards and international model validation programmes (e.g., MODARIA). Relevance of MODARIA to the Regulatory Supervision of Legacy Sites (RSLS). Focus of MODARIA Working Group 1 (WG1).

Who are we? Some details about the IAEA

Key Activities of the IAEA include: COORDINATION. INFORMATION EXCHANGE. AGENCY’S SAFETY STANDARDS. . . . . . Consensus

International COORDINATION The objective is to establish a ‘coordinating mechanism’ to facilitate coordination of work amongst international and regional organizations by reviewing their ongoing work on relevant topics, for example, related to radiation protection. This involves coordination amongst international and regional organizations (e.g. UNSCEAR, ICRP, IUR, OECD/NEA, EC and national institutions for coordination). . . . . . STRENGTH in coordination

Information EXCHANGE . . . . . information SHARING Fostering information exchange on radiation protection to facilitate early identification of issues by regulators, by national bodies of research and expertise in radiation protection, and by other key stakeholders. . . . . . information SHARING

Development of IAEA SAFETY STANDARDS SUPPORT to Member States through understanding, experience and practical implementation of the framework. REVIEW of existing IAEA Safety Standards and the implications of including radiation protection in these standards. DEVELOP safety requirements for radiation protection of the environment and related safety guides (as appropriate). DEVISE a technical framework and methodology for drafting procedures that may be used to demonstrate compliance with the objectives of radiation protection of the environment. PROVIDE for the application of Safety Standards through assisting in the development of national capabilities. . . . . . Applications

Radiological Environmental Impact Analysis Safety Fundamentals (high-level objectives, concepts & principles) IAEA Document HIERARCHY Safety Standards (‘shall’ requirements) Radiological Environmental Impact Analysis Safety Guides (‘should’ recommended actions, conditions or procedures to meet safety requirements) Underpinning Level of MODARIA Outputs: Transfer parameters to non-human biota xxx Technical Report Series & Technical Documents (technical basis)

Objective of MODARIA (MOdelling and DAta for Radiological Impact Assessments) To improve capabilities in the field of environmental dose assessment by means of acquisition of improved data for: Model testing Model testing and comparison Reaching consensus on modelling philosophies Approaches and parameter values Development of improved methods Information exchange This project addresses the need to strengthen national capabilities to control public exposures in various fields of peaceful uses of nuclear technology, including exposures from natural radiation sources. Transfer of knowledge will be achieved through a series of training courses and workshops on specific topics such as releases from various installations (e.g. nuclear power plants), transboundary public exposure, public and environmental exposure assessment and programmes and systems for source and environmental monitoring.

To Address this Objective Need to know what is included in a Radiological Impact Assessment (RIA); and How it relates to an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

What is an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)? An assessment of the possible impacts that a proposed project may have on the environment, consisting of the environmental, social and economic aspects. The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision-makers consider the environmental impacts when deciding whether or not to proceed with a project. I am going to start out by defining what an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is, since this is broader, and will then provide a definition of a Radiological Impact Assessment (RIA).

What is an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)? The International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) defines an environmental impact assessment as "the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical, social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken and commitments made.“ Environmental Human Socioeconomic I am going to start out by defining what an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is, since this is broader, and will then provide a definition of a Radiological Impact Assessment (RIA).

What is an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)? Exposure Receptor RISK Hazard What is an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)? Therefore, although EIA includes consideration of radioactivity, this is only one part of an EIA. In the case of a remediation project, the objective is to eliminate or reduce impacts, such that there is a net beneficial effect. I am going to start out by defining what an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is, since this is broader, and will then provide a definition of a Radiological Impact Assessment (RIA).

What is a Radiological Impact Assessment (RIA)? By comparison, a radiological impact assessment is focused on evaluation of potential impacts associated with radiological doses to humans and the environment, as reflected in the human health and ecological risk assessment (HHERA). Additionally, RIA can include estimates of benefit per unit radiological dose reduction, etc. EIA RIA

What is a Radiological Impact Assessment (RIA)? Radiological impact assessment is an ongoing process that is part of the EIA, but is also often carried out throughout the remediation work in the development of safe work plans and details considered in implementation, for example. EIA RIA

So What??? Some underlying objectives of risk assessment include: Demonstration protection of people and the environment; Demonstration of compliance of regulatory requirements; Retrospective “characterization”; “Characterization” of the existing situation; and Prospective “prediction”. Validation of model predictions at intervals over time (based on monitoring data).

This Involves: Harmonized protection of both humans and the environment.

Key Steps in Harmonized Protection Tool Development Tool Testing Compilation, Evaluation & Harmonization Compatibility, Consensus & Guidance e.g., CROM (SRS-19), RESRAD codes, ERICA, PC-CREAM (& others) MODARIA, EMRAS-II, EMRAS (& predecessors – VAMP, BIOMASS, etc.) e.g., IAEA guidance on Radiological Environmental Impact Analysis, Revision of Safety Review Series (SRS)-19, etc. IAEA, ICRP, UNSCEAR, etc.

Objective of MODARIA (MOdelling and DAta for Radiological Impact Assessments) To improve capabilities in the field of environmental dose assessment by means of acquisition of improved data for: Model testing Model testing and comparison Reaching consensus on modelling philosophies Approaches and parameter values Development of improved methods Information exchange So this brings us back to our objective of the MODARIA programme and its predecessors, such as VAMP, BIOMASS, EMRAS, and EMRAS II, which is broadly to develop and validate international tools

MODARIA Structure: 4 Themes, 10 Working Groups THEME 1: REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED AREAS Working Group 1: Remediation strategies and decision aiding techniques. Working Group 2: Exposures in contaminated urban environments and effect of remedial measures. Working Group 3: Application of models for assessing radiological impacts arising from NORM and radioactively contaminated legacy sites to support the management of remediation. With direct relevance to RSLS, e.g., concepts, frameworks, case studies

MODARIA Structure: 4 Themes, 10 Working Groups THEME 2: UNCERTAINTIES AND VARIABILITY Working Group 4: Analysis of radioecological data in IAEA Technical Reports Series publications to identify key radionuclides and associated parameter values for human and wildlife exposure assessment. Working Group 5: Uncertainty and variability analysis for assessment of radiological impacts arising from routine discharges of radionuclides. Working Group 6: Common framework for addressing environmental change in long term safety assessments of radioactive waste disposal facilities. Working Group 7: Harmonization and intercomparison of models for accidental tritium releases. Parameterization of Models and Model Validation for use in EIA and RIA (with relevance to RSLS WG2).

MODARIA Structure: 4 Themes, 10 Working Groups THEME 3: EXPOSURE AND EFFECTS ON BIOTA Working Group 8: Biota modelling: Further development of transfer and exposure models and applications to scenarios. Working Group 9: Models for assessing radiation effects on populations of wildlife species. Model Validation for use in EIA and RIA (e.g., Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment (HHERA), with consideration of potential impacts of radionuclides and non-radiological contaminants (multiple stressors).

MODARIA Structure: 4 Themes, 10 Working Groups THEME 4: MARINE MODELLING Working Group 10: Modelling of marine dispersion and transfer of radionuclides accidentally released from land-based facilities. Model Validation for use under non-steady state (or dynamic conditions).

IAEA Scientific Secretaries MODARIA Working Group 1 Remediation Strategies and Decision-aiding Techniques IAEA Scientific Secretaries Working Group Leader Mr Sergey Fesenko (Ms Tamara Yankovich to serve as co-Scientific Secretary) IAEA NAEL-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Seibersdorf Laboratories Email: S.Fesenko@iaea.org Phone: +43 (1) 2600-28269 Ms Tamara Yankovich (new leader to be identified) IAEA Division of Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety, Vienna International Centre (VIC), Room B0764 Email: T.Yankovich@iaea.org Phone: +43 (1) 2600-21263

MODARIA Working Group 1 (WG1): Remediation Strategies and Decision-aiding Techniques Objectives: Analyze the decision-making process based on experience gained from past radiological emergencies and remediation efforts (e.g., post-Chernobyl; legacy sites). Extract lessons learned in terms of social, economic and environmental costs. Prepare case studies for comparison of decision-making models. Review and compare existing decision-aiding models. Provide recommendations on how to improve the decision-making process for remediation planning.

MODARIA WG1 Draft Work Plan: 6/5/2013 Information Gathering on Decision-making Process International Frameworks/Approaches/Tools/Models Key decision-making components of case studies Review and Standardization of Information (Template) Available international frameworks/approaches/tools/models Planned decision-making models (e.g., PREPARE) Remediation Case Studies Presentations by Member States Review of case studies (lessons learned; identification of decision chain; review of outcomes of core decisions) Population of Template Identifying Key Decision-making Aspects Case Study Analyses Two Scenarios Selected (Chernobyl post-accident; Uranium legacy sites) Model outputs from MODARIA WG3 to decision-making frameworks in WG1 (joint interim meeting; June 2013) Consideration of additional case studies (information is being gathered) Application of Selection Decision Models to Case Studies Started out

IAEA Scientific Secretary MODARIA Working Group 3 Application of models for assessing radiological impacts arising from NORM and radioactively contaminated legacy sites to support the management of remediation IAEA Scientific Secretary Working Group Leader Mr Russel Edge Decommissioning & Remediation Unit Waste & Environmental Safety Section (Room B0749) Division of Radiation, Transport & Waste Safety International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 VIENNA AUSTRIA Tel: +43 (1) 2600-21263 Fax: +43 (1) 26007 Email: R.Edge@iaea.org Mr Rodolfo Avila Moreno Director, Facilia AB Gustavslundsvägen 151C SE-16751 BROMMA SWEDEN Tel: +46 (8) 256-725 Fax: +46 (8) 259-665 Email: rodolfo.facilia@gmail.com / rodolfo@facilia.se

Methodology, models comparison and model development to simulate complicate scenarios of the human expose and possible impacts to the environment, allowing to reduce uncertainties in the Safety Assessment (SA) and EIA EIA and SA methodology specific application for different type of NORM case studies and legacy sites Development of specially adapted tool for dose assessment (“NORMALIZA”) Visiting legacy sites, exchange of data, discussion, consultancy, contribution to the development of Guidelines document for modeling tools application via IAEA communication mechanisms. (Thank you to Rodolfo Avila and Oleg Voitsekhovych for the WG3 slides)

Proposals, Ideas, Expectations IAEA is open for Proposals and Ideas to develop cooperation, using MODARIA platform Methodology development (ISAM, EIA for remediation, Site Conceptual Model approach) Extension of Case Studies (NORM to be discussed) Inter-comparison exercises (Model-model, Model –Data). Development of tools for modeling and procedures for the result interpretation, using different as a part of Safety Assessment methodology (Immediate Safety cases and Long-term Impact prediction) WELCOME FOR YOUR IDEAS AND CONTRIBUTION

Summary: A key focus of the IAEA is the development of international guidance in IAEA Safety Standards, which are hierarchical in structure. Underlying the higher-level safety fundamentals, safety requirements, and safety guides are technical documents (e.g., TECDOCs, TRS), which provide the technical basis for IAEA safety guidance. Model validation and data compilation programmes, such as MODARIA, form the foundation of IAEA technical documents. There is overlap between MODARIA and RSLS with respect to concepts of EIA and RIA, and also more broadly with MODARIA Theme 1, which is focused on remediation.

Thank YOU!!