Adjustments Change to match new book and correct ppt to include Domain information Gave 20 minutes for notes from textbook

1/23 Reminder – Last day for test corrections tomorrow! Get out virus booklet: Check Dr. virus Pick up: Classification Booklet + privacy folder

Warm-up: Using the pink cards – place in order the steps for the viral reproductive pathway. Once you have completed process, copy down steps into warm-up sheet (in virus booklet). Which cycle is represented in the cards? Lytic or Lysogenic?

Classification Sort Gather all of the items from side counter using plastic. Do not touch until instructed to do so. Once time begins, sort all items using your group classification system. Describe the method you used to sort your items in your warm-up section in Classification Booklet!

1/27 Get out Classification Notebook Reminder: all test corrections and make-up assignments need to be completed by tomorrow

Instructions 1.In your group, write down as many names for the “going to the restroom” as you can think of. 2. In a group, organize your random items into logical groups. Write on your sheet of paper your categories.

1/28 Get out Classification Booklet – We will check Salamander dichotomous w.s. – You have 5 min. to complete notes from textbook. If you still need test corrections come see me!

Good Morning! Today’s Agenda: 1.Grab a blue textbook off back shelf. 2.Complete Classification Notes using textbook pages

1.What is a species? A.A population of organisms that share similar characteristics and can breed with one another and produce fertile offspring. What are some examples of species? Dogs, Cats, Humans, etc. B.How many species have scientists identified (about 1.5 million) and how many have yet to be discovered? Between 2 and 100 million Linnaeus’ Classification System

2.Why classify organisms? A.Biologists must attempt to organize living things into groups that have biological meaning. B.To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner. C.The study where scientists classify organisms and assign a universally accepted name is called taxonomy. D.By using a scientific name, biologists can be certain that everyone is discussing the same organism. E.Scientists organize organisms into groups that have biological significance. In a good system of classification, organisms placed into a particular group are more similar to each other than organisms in other groups.

3.Assigning Scientific Names A.Common names such as cougar, puma, and panther are all referring to the same animal but vary among languages and even among regions within a single country thus leading to confusion among different populations of people. B.A Swedish botanist by the name of Carolus Linnaeus developed a two-word naming system called binomial nomenclature.

Each species is assigned a two-part scientific name. 1.The scientific name is always written in italics. 2.The first word is always capitalized and represents the genus of an organism. 3.The second word is always lowercased and is a specific Latin description of each individual organism. 4.A few examples are: Muntiacus muntjak, Ursus maritimus, and Felis concolor. Grizzly Bear Polar Bear Panda Bear Ursus arctos Ursus maritimus Ailuropoda melanoleuca Do Ursus arctos and Ursus maritimus belong to the same species? No To the same genus? Yes

4.Linnaeus’s System of Classification—based on similarities between structural characteristics A.This classification system is hierarchical which means it consists of levels. B.There are 7 levels (most broad down to most specific): Levels of Classification Scientific Naming (Binomial Nomenclature) Genus species K ing P hillip C ame O ver F or G ood S paghetti Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

1.Kingdom(ex: Animalia) 2.Phylum(ex: Chordata) 3.Class(ex: Mammalia) 4.Order(ex: Carnivora) 5.Family(ex: Ursidae) 6.Genus(ex: Ursus) 7.Species(ex: Ursus arctos) Broad Specific Grizzly Bear Ursus arctos

KINGDOM: the largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus’s taxonomic categories; the broadest description of an organism. PHYLUM: includes many different organisms that share important characteristics; phyla make up Kingdoms. (Hint: King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti!)

CLASS: a group of similar orders; several different classes make up a phylum ORDER: a broad taxonomic category composed of similar families; orders make up each class FAMILY: a group of genera that share many characteristics; families make up orders

GENUS: a group of closely related species; the first capitalized word in the two-part naming system developed by Linnaeus SPECIES: a population of organisms that share similar characteristics and can breed with one another and produce fertile offspring

Note: 2 organisms classified in the same class must also be in the same phylum and kingdom but does not necessarily have to be in the same order.

Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Animals (Animalia) Vertebrates (Chordate) Mammals (Mammalia) Rodents (Rodentia) Carnivores (Carnivora) Bears (Ursidae) Cats (Felidae) Small Cats (Felis) Cheetah (Acinonyx) Roaring Cats (Panthera) Lion (leo) Tiger (tigres) Jaguar (onca) Dogs (Canidae) Primates Fish (Osteichthyes) Birds (Aves) Insects (Arthropoda)

5. Classification using Cladograms A.Many biologists now use a method called cladistic analysis to identify and consider only those characteristics that arise as organisms evolve over time. B.Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in older members are called derived characteristics.

C.Cladograms use derived characteristics to show evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.

Big Themes Who? – Carolus Linnaeus and Carl Woese created a heirarchial system to classify all living species on earth. This system goes from a broad grouping down to a very specific grouping. Why? – Scientists needed a way to organize different species. This increases communication, decreases confusion, and allows for an efficient system. How? – Did King Philip Come Over For Good Spaghetti We name species using their Genus and Species names. – It is written with a capital and a lowercase letter – Italicized The more levels an organism has in common the more closely related.