SPSS Introductory Workshop Humboldt State University May 6, /6/2011www.ssric.org

Sponsors and the College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

SPSS Help Online  SPSS for Windows 16.0: A Basic Tutorial by Linda Fiddler, Laura Hecht, Edward E. Nelson, Elizabeth Ness Nelson, and James Ross. SPSS for Windows 16.0: A Basic Tutorial SPSS for Windows 16.0: A Basic Tutorial  Resources to Help You Learn and Use SPSS (UCLA) Resources to Help You Learn and Use SPSS Resources to Help You Learn and Use SPSS  SPSS Tutorials (Texas A&M) SPSS Tutorials SPSS Tutorials 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

SPSS  A statistical package for beginning, intermediate, and advanced data analysis  Other statistical packages include SAS and Stata  Online statistical packages that don’t require site licenses include SDA 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Agenda  Introduction and Overview  A Brief Tour of SPSS  Creating Your Own SPSS Files or Opening Existing Datasets  Transforming data Recode Recode Compute Compute Select If Select If  Univariate analysis Frequencies Frequencies Descriptives Descriptives Explore Explore  Introduction to Graphics 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

A Brief Tour of SPSS 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Data View 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Variable View 5/6/2011www.ssric.org Variable Names Variable Labels Value Labels MissingValues

Menu Bar 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

The Edit Menu 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

The Edit Menu (continued) 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

The Data Menu 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

The Transform Menu 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

The Analyze Menu 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

The Graphs Menu 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Opening SPSS  Go to start and find SPSS for Windows or look for the SPSS icon on your desktop.  Click on SPSS 18.0 for Windows in the Start menu or double click on the icon.  You’ll need to update your SPSS license every year (or your school technician will do it for you – Faculty/staff can load software on home computers). 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Opening an Existing File  Often you will want to open a data set that you got from someplace else.  These files will usually be in the form of a: SPSS portable file SPSS portable file SPSS data file SPSS data file Raw data file with a SPSS syntax file Raw data file with a SPSS syntax file Raw data file without a syntax file Raw data file without a syntax file 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

SPSS Files and Extensions  Portable file --.por  Data file --.sav  Output file --.spo  Syntax file --.sps 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Opening a Portable (.por) file  Click on the open yellow folder to open a new file.  Change file type to.por  Browse to where the portable file you want to open is located and double click on that file. 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Opening SPSS – Syntax Window

Opening a Text file  Click on File > Read Text Data…  In the Open Data window change file type

Opening an Existing SPSS System File Example: the 2010 General Social Survey  In browser, go to  Select “Download” and “SPSS Format” 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Opening an Existing SPSS System File Example: the 2010 General Social Survey  Select “2010” 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Opening an Existing SPSS System File Example: the 2010 General Social Survey  Select “OK” to “Save File”  Double Click on “2010.sav” file 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Saving an Existing SPSS System File Example: the 2010 General Social Survey  Go to “File” and “Save As” and select “Variables” button  Select “Drop All” 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Saving an Existing SPSS System File Example: the 2010 General Social Survey  Select variables of interest: Age Age Cappun Cappun Degree Degree Educ Educ Grass Grass Hrs1 Hrs1 Hrsrelax Hrsrelax Income06 Income06 Maeduc Maeduc Marital Masei Paeduc partyid Pasei Realinc Relig Sei Sex 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Saving an Existing SPSS System File Example: the 2010 General Social Survey  Select “Continue” and “Save” (to either desktop or your own flash drive)  We will continue to work with this same GSS 2010 data file during the workshop 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Opening an Existing SPSS System File Example: the 2008 General Social Survey  Open the file from network 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Opening an Existing SPSS System File (continued)  Opening the file: Open from desktop (double-click) OR Open from desktop (double-click) OR Open SPSS first (as you would any windows program), then navigate to file. Open SPSS first (as you would any windows program), then navigate to file. 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Opening an Existing SPSS System File (continued)  Move cursor to File File Open Open Data Data  Click on Data  Navigate to file location (e.g., desktop) and open 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Transforming Data  We can transform variables by recoding, i.e., combining categories in an existing variable into fewer categories.  We can also transform variables by creating new variables out of existing variables.  We can select particular cases and analyze only these cases. 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Recoding into Different Variables  Click on Transform > Recode > Into different variables.  Select the variable you want to recode. age  Start by giving the new variable a new name (age1)  Click on Change  Click on Old and New Values 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Recoding age into AGE1  Use “Range” (fourth option down) to recode as follows. Remember to click on “Add” after entering each recode. 18 to 29 = 1 18 to 29 = 1 30 to 49 = 2 30 to 49 = 2 50 to 69 = 3 50 to 69 = 3 70 to 89 = 4 70 to 89 = 4  Click Continue And then OK.

Assign Value Labels to the Four Categories of AGE1  Select the Variable View tab.  Scroll down the variables to age1 (at the bottom of the list).  In the Values column of age1 click on the small gray box.  Enter the first value followed by its label. Click Add.  Enter remaining 3 values.  Then click on OK. 18 to 29 = 1 30 to 49 = 2 50 to 69 = 3 70 to 89 = 4

Exercises for Recoding  Now recode income06 and call the new variable income2  This time use 8 categories: under $10K, $10K to under $20K, $20K to under $30K, $30K to under $40K, $40K to under $50K, $50K to under $60K, $60K to under $75K, and $75K and over  Add the value labels  Run a frequency distribution for income2 and check to make sure that you recoded it correctly by comparing the unrecoded and recoded frequency distributions

Creating a New Variable with Compute  Let’s create a new variable and call it timewaste which is the percentage of relaxation time (hrsrelax) devoted to watching TV (tvhours)  Click on Transform > Compute  Enter the new variable name (timewaste) into the Target Variable box.  Enter the formula for this new variable (100*tvhours/hrsrelax) into the Numeric Expression box.  Click on OK 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Caution!  If, for any case, any of the variables used to create a new variable has a missing value, the new variable will automatically be assigned a missing value as well. 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Exercise for Compute  The data file includes indexes of socio-economic status for respondents (sei), their mothers (masei) and their fathers (pasei).  Create an index of mobility by subtracting sei from an average of masei and pasei. 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

5/6/2011www.ssric.org 10 MINUTE BREAK!

Using Select Cases to Select Specific Cases for Analysis  Let’s select only Protestants for further analysis.  Click on Data > Select Cases.  Click on “If condition is satisfied” and then on the “If” button below it.

Using Select Cases to Select Specific Cases for Analysis  Select the variable relig ( R’s RELIGEOUS PREFERENCE ) and move it into the box on the right.  In this box, enter the expression relig = 1.  Click on Continue and on OK. 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Using Select Cases to Select Specific Cases for Analysis  Note all cases not accepted are crossed out on the left.  Again click on Data > Select Cases.  Click on “all” and then OK. 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Important Note on Using Select Cases  When you are finished using Select Cases and want to revert to using all the cases be sure to click on Data > Select Cases and select All cases. Then click on OK  If you don’t do this, you will continue to use only those cases you last selected 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Exercises for Select Cases  Select all males (1 on the variable sex) and do a frequency distribution for the variable partyid (political party identification)  Now select all females (2 on the variable sex) and run a frequency distribution for partyid  Is there a “gender gap” in party identification. How large is it?  Note: same thing could have been done with Crosstabs 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Univariate Analysis  Now that we know how to open existing files and transform variables, we’re ready to begin analyzing data  Univariate analysis refers to analyzing variables one- at-a-time 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Types of Univariate Analysis Procedures  Frequencies  Descriptives  Explore 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Frequencies  Go to: Analyze > Descriptive Statistics > Frequencies  Select age1 and age  Notice Statistics and Charts buttons at upper right and Display frequencies tables check-box at lower left 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Frequencies: Statistics  Click on Statistics  Select the statistics you want  Click on Continue 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Frequencies: Charts  Click on Charts  Select Histograms and check With normal curve  Click on Continue  Click on OK 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Frequencies: Output - Tables 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Frequencies: Output - Statistics 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Frequencies: Output - Charts 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Exercises for Frequencies  Run frequency distributions for hrsrelax and tvhours with appropriate statistics and charts  Run frequency distributions for cappun, grass, and gunlaw with appropriate statistics and charts 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Descriptives  Click on Analyze > Descriptive Statistics > Descriptives  Select age and educ  Click on Options and select the statistics you want and then click on Continue and OK 5/6/2011

Descriptives (continued) 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Exercise for Descriptives  Use Descriptives to compute the following statistics for hrs1 (hours worked per week) Mean Mean Standard deviation Standard deviation Variance Variance Skewness Skewness Kurtosis Kurtosis 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

More Exercises for Descriptives  Use Descriptives to compute the mean for educ, maeduc, and paeduc  Who has the most education – respondents or their parents?  Who has the most education – mothers or fathers? 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Explore  Click on Analyze > Descriptive Statistics > Explore  Select hrs1 and put it in the Dependent List  In the Display box on the lower left, click on Both 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Explore (continued)  Click on Statistics  Select the statistics you want  Click on Continue 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Explore (continued)  Click on Plots  Select the plots you want  Click on Continue  Click on OK

Explore (continued)

Graphs: Bar Charts  Click on Graphs > Legacy Dialogs > Bar 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Graphs: Bar Charts (continued) 5/6/2011www.ssric.org  Click on “Simple”  Click on “Define”

Graphs: Bar Charts (continued) 5/6/2011www.ssric.org  Click on “% of cases”  Drag or move marital to second box on right  Click on “OK”

Graphs: Pie Charts  Click on Graphs > Legacy Dialogs > Pie 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Graphs: Pie Charts  Click on “Define” 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Graphs: Pie Charts  Click on “% of cases”  Drag or move marital to second box on right  Click on “OK” 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Graphs: Box and Whiskers Plots  Click on Graphs > Legacy Dialogs > Boxplots 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Graphs: Box and Whiskers Plots (continued)  Drag or move tvhours to first box on right  Drag or move degree to second box on right  Click on OK 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Graphs: Box and Whiskers Plots (continued) 5/6/2011www.ssric.org Extreme Values (>3.0 X IQR) Outliers (1.5 – 3.0 IQR) Median Whiskers (< 1.5 X IQR) Box (IQR)

Graphs: Scatterplots  Click on Graphs > Legacy Dialogs > Scatterplot 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Graphs: Scatterplots (continued)  Click on “Simple Scatter”  Click on “Define” 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Graphs: Scatterplots (continued)  Drag or move maeduc to first box on right  Drag or move paeduc to second box on right  Click on OK   Double-click on chart   Click on “Elements” and “Fit Line at Total” 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Graphs: Histograms  Click on Graphs > Legacy Dialogs > Histogram 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Graphs: Histograms (continued)  Drag or move realinc to first box on right  Check “Display normal curve”  Click on OK 5/6/2011www.ssric.org

Feedback? Please fill out an evaluation form. Thanks! 5/6/2011www.ssric.org