1. Introduction to SPSS

2. Topics we will cover today
SPSS at a glance
Basic Structure of SPSS
Descriptive Statistics
The basic analysis in SPSS

3. Introduction: What is SPSS?
Originally it is an acronym of Statistical Package for the Social Science but now it stands for Statistical Product and Service Solutions
One of the most popular statistical packages which can perform highly complex data manipulation and analysis with simple instructions

4. Example Used by e.g. retail and consumer product companies
Trying to learn about and describe their customers' buying habits, gender, age, income level, etc.
These companies tailor their marketing and product development strategies to each consumer group to increase sales and build brand loyalty.
A valuable approach in Market Research, and SPSS offers some useful tools to facilitate this commercial process

5. Basic structure of SPSS
There are two different windows in SPSS
1st – Data Editor Window - shows data in two forms
Data view
Variable view
2nd – Output viewer Window – shows results of data analysis
*You must save the data editor window and output viewer window separately. Make sure to save both if you want to save your changes in data or analysis.*

6. The two Windows: Data Editor
Spreadsheet-like system for defining, entering, editing, and displaying data. Extension of the saved file will be “sav.”

7. The two Windows: Output Viewer
Displays output and errors. Extension of the saved file will be “spv.”
The graph shows that more people who receives wireless service tends to own PDA compared to people who doesn’t receive wireless service.

8. The basics of managing data files

9. Opening SPSS
Start → All Programs → SPSS Inc→ SPSS 17.0 →
SPSS 17.0

10. Opening SPSS The default window will have the data editor
There are two sheets in the window:
1. Data view 2. Variable view

11. Data View window The Data View window
This sheet is visible when you first open the Data Editor and this sheet contains the data
Click on the tab labeled Variable View
This window shows the actual data values and the name of the variables.
Click

12. Variable View window
This sheet contains information about the data set that is stored with the dataset
Name
The first character of the variable name must be alphabetic
Variable names must be unique, and have to be less than 64 characters.
Spaces are NOT allowed.

13. Variable View window: Type
Click on the ‘type’ box. The two basic types of variables that you will use are numeric and string. This column enables you to specify the type of variable.

14. Variable View window: Width
Width allows you to determine the number of characters SPSS will allow to be entered for the variable

15. Variable View window: Decimals
Number of decimals
It has to be less than or equal to 16

16. Variable View window: Label
You can specify the details of the variable
You can write characters with spaces up to 256 characters

17. Variable View window: Values
This is used and to suggest which numbers represent which categories when the variable represents a category

18. Defining the value labels
Click the cell in the values column as shown below
For the value, and the label, you can put up to 60 characters.
After defining the values click add and then click OK.
Click

19. Data view vs. Variable view
Rows are cases
Columns are variables
Variable view
Rows define the variables
Name, Type, Width, Decimals, Label, Missing, etc.
Scale – age, weight, income
Nominal – categories that cannot be ranked (ID number)
Ordinal – categories that can be ranked (level of satisfaction)

20. Practice 1 How would you put the following information into SPSS?
Value = 1 represents Male and Value = 2 represents Female

21. Practice 1 (Solution Sample)
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22. Click

23. Saving the data
To save the data file you created simply click ‘file’ and click ‘save as.’ You can save the file in different forms by clicking “Save as type.”
Click

24. Sorting the data
Click ‘Data’ and then click Sort Cases

25. Sorting the data (cont’d)
Double Click ‘Name of the students.’ Then click ok.
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26. The basic analysis

27. The basic analysis of SPSS that will be introduced in this class
Frequencies
This analysis produces frequency tables showing frequency counts and percentages of the values of individual variables.
Descriptives
This analysis shows the maximum, minimum, mean, and standard deviation of the variables
Linear regression analysis
Linear Regression estimates the coefficients of the linear equation

28. Opening the sample data
Open ‘Employee data.sav’ from the SPSS
Go to “File,” “Open,” and Click Data

29. Opening the sample data
Go to Program Files,” “SPSSInc,” “SPSS17,” and “Samples” folder.
Open “Employee Data.sav” file

30. Frequencies
Click ‘Analyze,’ ‘Descriptive statistics,’ then click ‘Frequencies’

31. Frequencies Click gender and put it into the variable box.
Click ‘Charts.’
Then click ‘Bar charts’ and click ‘Continue.’
Click
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32. Frequencies
Finally Click OK in the Frequencies box.
Click

34. Descriptives
Click ‘Analyze,’ ‘Descriptive statistics,’ then click ‘Descriptives…’
Click ‘Educational level’ and ‘Beginning Salary,’ and put it into the variable box.
Click Options
Click

35. Descriptives
The options allows you to analyze other descriptive statistics besides the mean and Std.
Click ‘variance’ and ‘kurtosis’
Finally click ‘Continue’
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36. Descriptives
Finally Click OK in the Descriptives box. You will be able to see the result of the analysis.

37. What we have learned! SPSS at a glance Basic Structure of SPSS
Descriptive Statistics – frequencies, descriptive statistics

38. Any Questions?

39. For further Questions: emahmud@manarat.ac.bd