18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 1 European Marine Directives: Concepts, Overlap and Synergy Jesper H. Andersen DHI Water Environment Health With contributions from: Åsa Andersson, Dorothy Furberg, Pirjo Kuuppo, Kari Nygaard, Johnny Reker & Henrik Skov

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 2 BALANCE – the mother of MARCOS BALANCE is a BSR INTERREG IIIB co-funded project focusing on: –Marine landscapes in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak –Data harmonisation and availability –Habitat modelling and mapping in 4 pilot areas –Blue Corridors, MPA representativity and optimization of the MPA network in the Baltic Sea –Stakeholder communication and involvement –Development of management templates and guidelines –Outreach (BALANCE Interim Reports, WP Final Reports, BALANCE Synthesis Report, web site, etc.) The BALANCE End Conference takes place October 2006 in Copenhagen More information is available at

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 3 Objectives, tasks and progress made

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 4 Scope of MARCOS The overall scope of MARCOS (European Marine Directives: Concepts, Overlap and Synergy) is to carry out a cross-cutting analysis of the potential synergies and overlap between three European Directives, which are shaping European marine management. These directives are –the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), –the EC Habitats Directive (HD) and –the recently proposed EU Marine Strategy Directive (MSD). BONUS: The EC Birds Directive

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 5 Supporting management via ’convergence’ Through cross-cutting analysis MARCOS will clarify the concepts, overlap and synergies between the three directives and provide guidance to environmental managers on how effort could be coordinated in order to ensure a coherent and unified approach to co- implementation of these three most important legislative tools. Such convergence is essential for an informed, ecosystem-based and cost-effective approach to management of the marine environment and thus for the continued sustainable development within the Nordic Region.

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 6 MARCOS tasks MARCOS will: –analyse and describe potential convergence between typology sensu the EU Water Framework Directive, marine landscapes/broadscale habitats sensu EC Habitats Directive and classification based on physical and chemical features sensu the proposed Marine Strategy Directive, –analyse and describe similarities and differences between “good ecological status” (WFD), “favourable conservation status” (HD) and “good environmental status” (MSD), –analyse similarities and differences between existing assessment tools and produce recommendations on how to converge these tools, and –analyse geographical differentiation and overlap of the WFD, HD and MSD, because the most stringent environmental objectives overrules less stringent ones.

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 7 Timetable

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 8 Task 1 This task focuses on the geographical overlap between the three directives (WFD, HD and MSD). The focus is justified by the fact that there is a geographical overlap and that the most stringent objectives have to be applied. This important issue has more or less been neglected by the WFD CIS intercalibration work and the work related to the Baltic Sea Action Plan. The objective is simply to identify overlapping areas, both directly (physical overlap) and indirectly (e.g. in neighbouring areas where currents might influence the status due to pressures in adjacent areas). The output will be texts and maps, which are intended to constitute a chapter in the final report.

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 9 Task 2 Focus will be on the similarities and differences between typology (sensu the WFD), marine landscapes (required indirectly by the HD) and classification based on physical features (sensu the MSD). Despite the differences in terminology, there actually seems to be quite a lot of overlap. The partners will provide national information and contributions which will be presented, discussed and synthesised. The output is a text on the issues dealt with. The text is intended to constitute a chapter in the final report.

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 10 Task 3 This task focuses on the similarities and differences between “ecological status” sensu the WFD, “conservation status” sensu the HD and “environmental status” sensu the MSD. These three terms are all dealing with ecological quality and should at least in principle be identical. This will be analysed, described and discussed in order to establish a common understanding as well as recommendation for co-implementation. The partners will provide national information and contributions which will be presented, discussed and synthesised. The output is a text on the issues dealt with. The text is intended to constitute a chapter in the final report.

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 11 Task 4 MARCOS will discuss existing tools for assessment of ‘ecological status’, ‘conservation status’ and ‘environmental status’ and propose recommendations on how to - whenever relevant – ‘converge’ assessment tools. The tools available for assessment are indicator based. A prototype MSD assesssment tool will be outlined and tested. The output is a text on the issues dealt with. The text is intended to constitute a chapter in the final report.

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 12 MARCOS task 1: Geographical overlap

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 13 Data ProviderData Danish Environmental Protection Agency (Danish EPA)Danish:  Territorial waters  WFD RBDs and coastal waters  HD areas  Fjords (coastline) ESRI data & mapsStudy area coastline Finnish Environment InstituteFinnish:  WFD RBD and coastal waters  Baseline  Territorial Waters The Geological Survey of Greenland and Denmark (GEUS)Danish EEZ ICESMSD ICES ecoregions 2004 HELCOM MARIS Database  Finnish EEZ  Swedish EEZ  HELCOM basins Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA)Norwegian:  Territorial waters  EEZ  MPAs  WFD RBDs and coastal waters WWF SwedenSwedish and Finnish HD areas Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA)Swedish:  WFD RBDs and coastal waters  Territorial waters OSPAROSPAR region Geographical overlap 1

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 14 Geographical overlap 2 Focus: WFD, HD, MSD (regions and sub-regions) Territorial water EEZ OSPAR HELCOM basins Geographical overlap analysis: MSD and territorial waters/EEZ WFD and territorial waters/EEZ HD and territorial waters/EEZ WFD and MSD HD and MSD HD and WFD Outputs: Maps and tables (statistical analysis)

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 15 Geographical overlap 3 – basic layers

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 16 Geographical overlap 4 – basic layers

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 17 Geographical overlap 5 – examples (good)

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 18 Geographical overlap 6 – examples (bad)

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 19 Geographical overlap 7 – example (ugly)

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 20 MARCOS task 2: Similarities and differences between typology (sensu WFD), marine landscapes (required via HD) and classification based on physical features (sensu MSD)

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 21 Typology, MLS and characterisation 1 Clear types in the WFD Not so clear types in HD No type setting in the MSD, but an initial assessment including a characterisation is required Interlinks between HD, WFD and MSD in typology: –HD types recognised by WFD and MSD –Overlapping coastal types in the HD and WFD –Marine landscapes could support implementation of the MSD Area overlapping –WFD and MSD overlap with 1 nm outward from the baseline –HD is within WFD or MSD areas (sometimes both)

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 22 Typology, MLS and characterisation 2 EEZ border Baseline WFD zone MSD zone Natura 2000 area

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 23 MARCOS task 3: Similarities and differences between “ecological status” sensu the WFD, “conservation status” sensu the HD and “environmental status” sensu the MSD

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 24 Environmental targets 1

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 25 Environmental targets 2 Favourable conservation status ≥ good ecological status = good environmental status Environmental protection and nature conservations is about ecological quality and should not be seen as separate issues Consequently, the implementation of the 3 directives in question should be coordinated as much where possible Further, the EC Habitats Directive is likely to be the most stringent directive since this does not allow for any exemption (as the WFD does)

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 26 MARCOS task 4: Indicators and assessment tools

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 27 Objectives Our objectives are: –To analyze similarities and differences between existing assessment tools and set up recommendation on how to ’converge’ these Existing assessment principles and tools are very few and include: –OSPAR Comprehensive Procedure –HELCOM EUTRO –HEAT These tools ’run’ on indicators! Consequently, our task grows: –We need to look at indicators –We need to look at national environmental objectives –We will provide guidance on how to ’converge’ and develop assessment tools

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 28 A few word about indicators There is a lot going on in relation to indicators: –HELCOM indicator fact sheets –OSPAR EcoQOs –EEA CSI –SEBI 2010

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 29 Improving exixting tools = HEAT HEAT = the draft HELCOM Eutrophication Assessment Tool Cat I, Cat II and Cat III are changed to Quality Elements sensu the WFD Based on RefCon and definition of acceptable deviation (AcDev) sensu the WFD Is split into 5 classes (high, good, moderate, poor and bad) sensu the WFD Results are expressed as a Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR = the ratio between RefCon and observed status), [where 1,00 equals RefCon (high) and 0,00 is very bad] The “One out, all out” principle is used correctly sensu the WFD Different AcDev‘s can be used, e.g. 50%, 25%, 20%, and 15% deviation from RefCon

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 30 HEAT example, north of Fyn

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 31 A prototype tool for the MSD… Outline of a draft tool: –Should be based on MSD Annex 2 –Suggested structure: Physical-chemical features Habitats types Biological elements Other features –Use HEAT & BEAT prototypes as a skeleton: Outline a MSD prototype (ESAT?) Present a few examples (data?) Develop guidance for further development

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 32 Next steps: MARCOS meeting, finalisation of draft report & workshop

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 33 Next steps

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 34 A few words about the report List of content: Preface Introduction Marine Directives Task 1: Geographical overlap Task 2: Typology, MLS, etc. Task 3: Environmental targets Task 4: Indicators & tools Presentation of case studies Cross-cutting discussion Conclusions & recommendations Pages: A complete draft MARCOS report will be available by the end of September

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 35 Environmental targets 3

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 36 Geographical overlap 7 x

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 37 A few words about the workshop MARCOS will organise a workshop in 2008 It should take place in Copenhagen DHI and Danish EPA hold the budget for the workshop When? (April 2008) Key note speakers? –DG ENV? –EEA (EMMA and ’convergence’ processes)? –HELCOM? –OSPAR? –Germany (Uni. Bremen)? –Other projects? –Other institutions? The workshop will be announced once the 2008 budget is known A draft programme should be discussed at the MARCOS meeting in Oslo, 18 September 2007

18-19 June 2007MARCOS 2, Ulriksdal Slott, Stockholm 38 Thank you for your attention Any tricky questions?