UL/NIST Studies Tactical Findings Implementation into Zone 1 Tactical Considerations and Best Practices

Four Key Concepts Initial Size up Fire Attack Considerations Controlling the Flow Path Ventilation

Key Concepts Initial Size Up of the Structure

The first arriving unit must perform a size up that will address the following: Determine the location of the fire – Conduct a 360 – Identify basement, exterior fire – Stress the use of the TIC during size up. – Announce location of fire to in coming units.

Initial Size Up of the Structure Identify the flow path Ventilation Limited Single Opening Bi-Directional

Initial Size Up of the Structure Rescue – Determination of immediate rescue. – Fire extinguishment may be warranted before rescue is started.

Initial Size Up of the Structure Cooling the space/Extinguishment From Best Practices: Water should be applied to the fire as soon as possible from the safest location to reduce the heat release rates from burning materials. Any limited-duration water stream applied from the exterior should be immediately followed by an aggressive interior attack of any remaining fire.

Key Concepts Fire Attack Considerations

From Best Practices: While front door tactics provide quick access to most areas of the structure, water applied from the safest area – interior or exterior – will result in the fastest way to improve interior conditions for both occupants and fire control Front Door Exterior/Front Door Front Door/Exterior

Fire Attack Considerations Why hit it from outside? – Cool the space. – Reduces flashover. – Interior application delayed. – Solid or straight stream directed at the ceiling to create large water droplets. An exterior attack is Offensive Mode if you remain forward moving

Fire Attack Considerations Water application to cool hot smoke – Reduce flashover

LA County FD

Key Concepts Controlling the Flow Path

Opening doors and or windows is venting – Smoke and heat will travel to low pressure- an opening to the outside – Ventilation to flashover timeline.

LA County FD Controlling the Flow Path Techniques for door control Uans40KdVI

Key Concepts Ventilation

Coordination of fire attack and ventilation – Ventilation too early will promote rapid buildup of fire Venting is not cooling. Ventilating and water application is cooling. Requires Communication between fire attack and ventilation crews

Implementation 1.Pre Assignment: Lesson from UL Learnshare- story.html story.html 2.PowerPoint and discussion/lecture by Operations Battalion Chiefs. 3.Tabletop Applications: Tactical Training Program. 4.Hands on training: EMTG Live Fire Training November and December Review the use of the concepts at each PIA.

Other On-Line Resources -limited-fire-keeping-it-rich-and-other-tactics-based-off- science.html -limited-fire-keeping-it-rich-and-other-tactics-based-off- science.html Good article about ventilation and tactics Great three-part series on flow path, in 1-hour segments