Chapter 1 The Physical World

Solar System ________ 109 times wider than the earth ________—Keeps the Earth and other objects in orbit around the sun

8 planets: Know them in order!!

Pluto…Why not? ________—small round bodies that orbit the sun but not enough __________ to clear the orbits of other orbiting bodies (it’s too small)

Terrestrial planets 4 inner ________ Solid rocky crusts Gas giant planets 4 outer ________ More gaseous and less dense

Other objects Thousands ________—irregularly shaped, planet-like ________—icy ________ particles and ________ gases ________—chunks of space rock and ________space debris – Usually ________ before Earth’s surface ________—Meteors that fall to the ________

The Earth Diameter-- 7,930 miles Circumference—24,900 miles ________—Oceans, lakes, rivers, underground water, and others ________– the crust; includes land beneath the oceans ________—layer of gases above the surface;78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen ________-people, animals, and plants that live on or in the atmosphere

The Continents ________ largest landmasses ________, ________, ________, ________, ________, ________, ________

Underwater landforms Flat plains, mountain ranges, cliffs, valleys, trenches ________—underwater extension of the coastal plain; slope out as far as 800 miles Descend gradually to about 660 ft until a sharp drop to the ocean floor

Parts of the Earth _________ ________--Solid iron and nickel ________ -Band of liquid iron and nickel

________ Hot, dense rock Silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, oxygen, and others Soft enough to be constantly rise/fall, cool/warm Releases 80% of the heat generated from the Earth’s interior

Made up of dozens of slabs of rocks called plates ________ ________—drifted apart _________ Shell forming the Earth’s surface Ranges from ________ miles thick to ________ miles think under mountains

Plate tectonics Physical processes that create many of the Earth’s physical features Mountains, volcanoes, earthquakes ________—molten rock beneath the surface ________ Scientists, however, have not yet determined exactly what causes ________. They theorize that ________ rising from the Earth’s core may create slow moving currents within the mantle

Major Types of Plate Movement 1.____________—heavier oceanic plates goes beneath the lighter continental plates 2.____________– allows magma to rise 3.____________—collisions cause bending/mountains – ____________—sliding creates underwater mountains – ____________—plates bend 4.____________—crust cracks and bends from collision; rubbing – ____________—cracks created by plate movement

External Forces of Change Wind and water movements ________ –Physical and Chemical Erosion ________—bodies of ice that move across the Earth’s surface ________—deposits of rocks and debris 2 types of Glaciers 1)________ 2)________—create U-shaped valleys

Soil Building Weathering breaks down rocks into smaller pieces 5 Factors That Influence 1.________- determine the type of soil that can develop 2.________—the shape and position of Earth’s physical features—affects surface runoff of water, 3.________ determines the parent material (original rock) 4.________-- living and dead plants and animals, adds organic matter to the soil. 5.________ the other four factors have been interacting also affects soil formation

Earth’s Water 97 of Earth’s water water consists of one huge continuous body of water that circles all the continents ________, ________, ________, ________, ________ The Water Cycle ________—liquid water into vapor or gas ________—liquid to vapor or gas from plants ________—vapor to a liquid ________—rain, snow, sleet, hail

________—saltwater to freshwater Can cost up to 5x more than other sources of freshwater Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates can afford

Only _______% of Earth’s total water supply is freshwater ________—comes from ________ and ________ that filters through soil; wells and spring ________—underground porous rock layer saturated by very slow flows of water

TRIVIA ABOUT THE EARTH THAT YOU SHOULD KNOW HIGHEST MOUNTAIN IN THE WORLD – ______________________ DRIEST PLACE ON EARTH – ______________________ LARGEST SAND DESERT – ______________________ LARGEST DESERT – ______________________ LONGEST RIVER – ______________________ LOWEST PLACE ON EARTH – ______________________ LARGEST OCEAN – ______________________ LARGEST CONTINENT – ______________________

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