Missions and Settlements Chapter 5 Missions and Settlements

Section 1 First missions are built 1682- mission of Corpus Christi de la Ysleta- near El Paso Most missions would be built in East Texas because of the French effort to establish colonies Built presidios- military outposts

A Tejas Mission San Francisco de los Tejas- established by Father Damian Massanet. 1690 Father and 100 troops set out for East Texas. First Spanish mission in East Texas

Mission Abandoned Drought ruined crops Disease Tejas Indians rejected the missions and the religion of the friars Spain decided it was too $$ to fund missions France was not a threat but… Missions flourished along Rio Grande Valley Mission San Juan Bautista 3 missions Presidio Town Base form many expeditions

Threat from France..again.. French were not interested in taking the land from the Indians or converting them Wanted to trade Blankets, guns wine and furs and skins Indians wanted to trade with Spanish but law prevented it Father Hidalgo wrote a letter to the French asking them to establish a mission among the Tejas

France France sent St. Denis to negotiate with the Spanish He was arrested and taken to Mexico City Spain decided to set up missions in East Texas to protect claims

Section 2 Spanish Settlements 1716 St. Denis and Angelina brought settlers to the site of San Francisco de los Tejas First time Spanish families came to live in East Texas 6 missions will be established within a year

San Antonio is founded Settlement must be established half way to the East Texas missions San Antonio de Bexar built 1718 Located on the San Antonio River under leadership of Martin de Alarcon Mission San Antonio de Valero on the other side of the river- which contained the Alamo

Aguayo defends the missions France and Spain at war Mission building in East Texas halted French took over mission in Nacogdoches Marques de San Miguel de Aguayo sent to defend the missions Took more than 500 people to Texas and reestablished the abandoned missions

Aguayo Founds 2 Cities Near a French outpost Aguayo will build Nuestra Senora del Pilar de los Adaes – a presidio 100 soldiers and their families Became the unofficial capital for 50 years Aguayo also founded La Bahia del Espiritu Santo or La Bahia- near Goliad

Uneasy Peace Again the Spanish government deemed it too expensive to operate all 9 missions in Texas Reduced presence in East Texas French continued to trade in East Texas with Indians, irritating Spanish yet remaining peaceful

Plains people resent Missions Indians were not interested in Christianity in East Texas but remained peaceful Plains Indians resented the intruders Apaches raided San Antonio Comanche fought Spanish and captured horses Central Texas missions were abandoned or moved closer to San Antonio because of raids, disease and crop failure

San Saba Mission fails 1757 Mission Santa Cruz de San Saba est. Very dangerous… Apache and Comanche roamed the area Friars abandoned the mission Plains Indians were never “Christianized”

Section 3 Building Communities Life on the missions were busy centers of activity Offered gifts to Native American’s to get them to settle close by Indians that accepted mission life were kept busy Worshipped early Women wove cloth , molded pottery or cooked

Life at missions Friars were strict Food was plentiful Had animals for food, milk, etc San Antonio and Goliad produced large harvests Most Indians were reluctant to live at the missions..giving up their livelihood was difficult

Soldiers face Hardships Difficult and dangerous Maintaining control over Indians Scouting countryside Protecting families Presidios were often in disrepair

Important settlements San Antonio, Goliad and Los Adades were all important settlements San Antonio was the largest Had a representative government Elected a city council or ayuntamiento with an alcalde or chief official Spain sent settlers to San Antonio Many are wealthy women in San Antonio

Living in Spanish Texas Farmers, ranchers- both men and women Fishers, barbers, shopkeepers Mestizos also lived in Texas- Indian and Spanish descendants Some slaves - some free Africans Free Africans also worked as farmers and ranchers Most were married but some widows and widowers lived here as well

Tejano Heritage Tejanos were shaping Texas heritage Tejanos were Mexicans who consider Texas their home Hired teachers Kept towns sanitary Culture reflected in food, language, religion and customs

Diorama Project You will chose one of the Texas missions we have discussed and create a diorama, or 2-D image of the settlement. Your mission must contain landscapes plus the mission and presidio (if it applies)