HIV, Food Security & Nutrition Socioeconomic Impact Jason Wolfe USAID Office of HIV/AIDS AIDS Turning the Tide Together

HIV & Food Security HIV exacerbates food insecurity & vulnerability: Increased costs Reduced labor Diminished earnings Liquidated assets Stressed safety nets

Food Security & HIV Food insecurity & vulnerability exacerbates HIV : Inhibited health-seeking behavior Reduced access to services Limited follow-up and adherence Increased opportunistic infections Diminished community support

Food Security before HIV Cyclical fluctuations driven by seasonality moderated by income diversity, assets, food storage, and safety nets

Food Security after HIV Prolonged downward trajectory reduced ability to buffer and bounce back from shocks increased costs for food & healthcare reduced labor limits food access sale of assets limits future productivity sale of assets facilitates recovery

Coping Strategies Before the shock: Risk Reduction – Low risk (low return) income generation activities – Diversification of income generation activities – Insurance mechanisms: savings & assets, social ties, credit access After the shock: Loss Management – Stage 1: Insurance & reversible mechanisms – Stage 2: Disposal of key productive assets – Stage 3: Destitution: charity, household breakup, migration

Segmenting by Vulnerability Vulnerability Food SecurityExpensesIncomeAssets LowMildSome lumpsumFluctuatingConsistent MediumModerateNo lumpsumFluctuating HighSevereLittle/none None

Implications for Support VulnerabilityStrategyInterventions LowPromotionIncome diversification MediumProtectionSavings & asset management HighProvisionConsumption support

Pathway Approach Sustainable graduation out of extreme vulnerability with nutrition, food security, and livelihoods support provision smooths consumption nutrition support improves productivity protection builds assets promotion restores livelihoods