Chapter 13: The Rise of Mass Democracy

 The “Corrupt Bargain” of 1824  Who were the four candidates of the 1824 election and what was their party affiliation?  John C Calhoun was running for vice president under which two candidates?  Who won many of the popular votes but not the majority in the electoral college?  With the electoral college deadlock, who had to determine the next president?  Clay was the bottom candidate for president but what role did he play in the decision making process?  Describe Jackson and Clay’s relationship.  Describe Jackson and Adam’s relationship.  Who was elected president in 1825?  Who received the position of secretary of state?  Who considered this a “corrupt bargain”?  Even if the bargain wasn’t corrupt, why was this significant?

 A Yankee Misfit in the White House  Describe John Quincy Adams.  JQA was the first “minority president.” Why is this significant?  Why did Adams supporters want him to strike a few more bargains?  Adams was a confirmed nationalist, what did he call for in his annual message?  How did the public respond to his nationalist message?  How did Adams deal with the Native Americans?  Going “Whole Hog” for Jackson in 1828  When did the presidential campaign for Jackson begin?  Describe the two Republican parties.  How was Jackson portrayed throughout his campaign and how accurate was this portrayal?  How did Adam’s backers respond to Jackson’s campaign?  What rumors did Jackson spread about Adams?  Who supported Jackson in 1828 and who supported Adams?  Who won the election of 1828?

 Old Hickory as President  Describe Andrew Jackson.  Describe Andrew Jackson’s upbringing.  Why could Jackson be considered unique.  Why did the masses come to Washington after Jackson was elected?  What happened at the white house after Jackson was elected?  How did conservatives feel about Jackson and the masses in Washington?  The Spoils System  Define the spoils system.  How did Jackson defend the spoils system?  Washington did need new blood, but why was the spoils system problematic?  Describe the scandals involved with the spoils system.  Even though the spoils system was corrupt, explain why it was important.

 The Tricky “Tariff of Abominations”  Why were tariffs a “big headache” for presidents to deal with?  Who supported the tariffs?  Why did Jackson support a high tariff in 1828?  How did the South respond to the tariff of 1828?  What were the deeper issues around the southern outcry?  What was happening to the institution of slavery?  What was the South Carolina Exposition, who wrote it and why was it significant?  “Nullies” in South Carolina  What was the goal of the nullies?  Describe the tariff of 1832 and how did the south feel about it?  How did the election of 1832 in South Carolina affect the nullies?  The convention called the tariff null and void within South Carolina, but what else did the delegates threaten to do?  How did Andrew Jackson respond to the nullies in South Carolina?  What role did Henry Clay play in the nullification issue?  What was the Force Bill and why was it significant?  How did the Columbia Convention respond to the compromise and the Force Bill?

 The Trail of Tears  In the 1790s, how did the US government respond to Native Americans?  What was The Society for Propagating the Gospel Among Indians?  Why did congress appropriate 20k for Native education?  How did The Cherokees of Georgia respond to assimilation?  Who were the members of the “five civilized tribes”?  How did the Georgia legislature respond to the Cherokee tribe in 1828?  The Supreme Court sided with The Cherokees three times, but how did Jackson respond?  What was Jackson’s plan for the remaining Eastern tribes?  Describe the Indian Removal Act.  Describe the Bureau of Indian Affairs.  How did the Fox and Sauk tribes respond to the Removal Act?  How did the Seminole tribe respond to the Removal Act?

 The Bank War  Jackson didn’t like the Bank of the United States, why?  What powers did the Bank of the United States hold?  Why did many consider Biddle’s power unconstitutional?  Why didn’t people of the West like the Bank of the US?  Why did Clay try to push through a Bank recharter four years early?  How did Jackson respond to Clay’s recharter and why is this significant?  How did Jackson’s decision amplify the power of the president?  “Old Hickory” Wallops Clay in 1832  Who were the candidates of the election of 1832?  What were the Anti-Masonic party’s beliefs?  How did the Anti-Masonic party come about?  What were some other novel features of the election of 1832?  What advantages did Henry Clay have over Jackson?  Who won the election of 1832?

 Burying Biddle’s Bank  Why did Jackson want to bury the Bank of the US and how did he go about this?  How did Jackson’s advisors feel about his plan?  How did Biddle respond to Jackson’s plan?  How did the economy respond to the death of the Bank of the US?  What were “pet banks” and “wild cat banks”  What was the Specie Circular and how did it impact the economy?  The Birth of the Whigs  Why did the new party decide to call themselves Whigs?  What was the cement of the Whig party?  Who were the prominent members of the Whigs?  Who joined the Whig party?  What did the Whig party support in relation to government programs?  How did the Whigs portray Jackson?

 The Election of 1836  Who was Jackson’s choice for President.  What was the Whig’s strategy during the election of 1836?  Who was the Whig’s favorite son?  Who won the election of 1836?  Big Woes for the “Little Magician”  Describe Martin Van Buren.  Why did Van Buren receive the resentment of many Democrats?  How did Van Buren respond to a rebellion in Canada in 1837?  What other issues did Van Buren inherit from Jackson?

 Depression Doldrums and the Independent Treasury  What was the cause of the financial panic of 1837?  Beyond speculation, what else caused the crash?  How did global financial issues affect America?  What were some of the effects of the crash?  How did Whigs respond to the crash?  How did Van Buren respond to the crash?  Describe the “Divorce Bill”.  How did the rest of America respond to the “Divorce Bill”?  Describe the Independent Treasury Bill of 1840 and it’s significance.  Gone to Texas  Why did the new regime in Mexico City grant Austin land in Texas?  How did Texas settlers respond to Mexico City’s requests?  Describe the settlers of Texas.  Describe some of the prominent Texas settlers.  Why was slavery an issue in Texas?  What happened when Austin went to Mexico City?

 The Long Star Rebellion  When did Texans declare their independence and who was their leader?  How did Mexico respond?  Describe the Alamo and its significance.  How did Houston defeat Santa Anna’s troops?  What terms were “agreed” upon by Santa Anna?  Jackson recognized the Lone Star Republic but didn’t accept them into the Union. Why?  Log Cabins and Hard Cider of 1840  Who was the Democratic candidate and who was the Whig candidate of the election of 1840?  Describe William Henry Harrison and why did he make a good candidate?  Describe the Whigs campaign.  Why were the log cabin and hard cider symbols significant?  Harrison was not raised in a log cabin, describe his upbringing.  Who won the election of 1840?  What was the real issue of the election of 1840 and how did each party plan on responding?

 Politics for the People  Why was “democracy” a major change since the Era of Good Feelings?  How did candidates have to portray themselves to gain the popular vote?  How did the upper class feel about this change and did this lead to any changes?  The Two-Party System  How was a durable two-party system a dramatic change?  How does Jeffersonian Republicanism relate to both the Democrats and the Whigs?  In what did the Jacksonian Democrats believe?  In what did the Whigs believe?  What did the two parties have in common?  How did social and geographic diversity affect both parties?