Ecuador By Lucy Phipps

Location Ecuador is located on the west coast of South America. It is bordered by Columbia in the north and Peru in the south. Capital Ecuador’s capital is Quito. Quito is located in Northern Ecuador and was the first town to be discovered by the Spaniards in Population Spoken Languages 13,625,000Spanish is the main language spoken in Ecuador however certain areas speak Quechua, Shuar, Colorado and Chachi. Ecuador’s Quick Facts Quito, Ecuador’s Capital 1

Ecuador’s flag consists of the colors yellow, blue and red each representing different meanings. The elements located within the coat of arms (located in the middle of the flag) also represent different meanings. The boat represents The Guayas (a historic ship of the Ecuadorian Navy), the condor (bird) represents power and courage, the landscape represents the Chimborazo volcano and the Guayas river, the Palm and Laurel leaves represent peace and dignity, the sun represents Ecuador’s pre- Columbian heritage and the Zodiac (belt-shaped region in the heavens) represents the Marcist Revolution. The yellow on the flag represents the country’s agricultural wealth, and its extensive natural resources, the blue represents the ocean and the clear Ecuadorian skies, and the red represents the blood spilled by the heroes who died for their country’s independence. The Ecuadorean flag is one of the oldest flags in the world, and was adopted on September 26, Ecuador’s Flag 2

3 Ecuador’s Independence Ecuador gained its independence from Spain on May 24, 1822 and from Gran Columbia on May 13, The first city in Ecuador to gain its independence from Spain was Guayaquil. The rest of Ecuador soon followed when Antonio José de Sucre defeated the the Spanish Royalist forces in the Battle of Pichincha. Ecuador was able to gain its independence from Gran Columbia in the Gran Columbia- Peru War.

4 The Incan Empire One of Ecuador’s most historical significances is the Inca Empire. The Inca lived between 1200 and 1535 A.D. in present day Ecuador down the coast to present day Chile. The Inca are known to be a strong and powerful army and were the largest Native American society in pre- Columbian history. The Inca population died off when Spanish explorer and conqueror Francisco Pizarro conquered their territory, killed their ruler, and stole their valuables and gold many of them died while trying to protect their empire, while others died in slavery. If any survived the Spaniards, they were often killed by new diseases the Europeans brought over seas. Incan Empire

El Día de los Difuntos (The Day of the Deceased) Guaguas de panColada Morada 5

Iglesia del Sagrario (Old Cathedral of Cuenca) The Old Cathedral of Cuenca is located in Cuenca, Ecuador at the Parque Calderon. The Cathedral was once the main place of Spanish worship during the time of Spanish colonization and was built the same time Cuenca was founded, in The Cathedral was built from the ruins of Tumebamba (former city held in the Inca Empire). The Cathedral is often remembered as the reference point to the French Geodesic Expedition in The Old Cathedral is know used as the Museum for Religious Art. 6

7 Cotopaxi Volcano The Cotopaxi Volcano is located south of Quito, Ecuador in Cotopaxi, Pichincha and Napo and is Ecuador’s most active volcano. The volcano has erupted 50 times since 1738 and has caused major damage to locals in the past and is still active today. The volcano is 5897 meters above sea level and has a base width of 23 kilometers. The volcano is found above the Andean mountains and can be seen on the skyline of Quito.

8 Juan Jose Flores Juan Jose Flores was born in Puerto Cabello, Venezuela on June 19, Flores joined the army at age fifteen and was a colonel and governor of the province of Pasto by At age twenty-nine he was elected President of Ecuador. Flores was President of Ecuador for a four-year term. After being invaded in 1932 and 1834 by Columbian armies, Flores finally defeated them in the January of Flores was re- elected twice in 1839 and Juan Jose Flores died at sea from kidney failure alongside his wife, and several of their children.

9 Nela Martínez Espinosa Nela Martínez Espinosa was born in Ecuador in Nela Martínez is remembered today for her continuous efforts to fight for world peace and the citizenship of women. She was the first woman to join the Executive committee as well as become a member of other committee’s such as the Central Committee, the Communist Party of Ecuador (in which she was the leader), the Ecuadorian Federation of Indigenous People, the Women’s Continental Front for Peace and Against Intervention (in which she was the cofounder and leader), and she is notoriously known for participating in the World Council for Peace. Nela Martínez Espinosa died at age ninety- two in 2004.

Rafael Correa President of Ecuador Rafael Correa is the current President of the Republic of Ecuador. Rafael Correa was born on April 6 th, 1963 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. President Correa attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign were he received a Masters and PhD in Economics. President Correa ran for office in January, 2007 and August 10, In addition to Spanish, President Correa also speaks French, Quechua, and English. 10

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