THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN

“The sun never sets on the British Empire”  How do you think a small island nation such as Great Britain came to control a global empire that stretched from Africa to Asia and included Australia and territory in the Americas?

England  Physical Characteristics  Highlands Band of hills running the length of the West Coast Difficult to farm, some natural resources  Midlands Largest region of England, also largest population centers NATURAL RESOURCES – COAL Industrial Revolution  Lowlands Along the English Channel Fertile soil – Farming and Herding (Sheep)

England  Economic Boom and London  London (Location, Location, Location) Thames River and Valley – Estuary Trade within England and other European Nations 1400’s Age of Exploration – New Technologies Strategic Location  Economic Activities “Workshop of the World” Used resources to fuel the 1 st Industrial Revolution – Textiles From Coal to Iron Ore to STEEL World’s Largest Economy through trade and industry

England  Competition and the World Today  1800’s Germany and the United States began competing with GB. Coal supply was used up Oil and Natural Gas were the alternatives Tertiary Economic Activities

Scotland  Physical Characteristics  Heavy Glaciers carved out the jagged landscape  Highlands High Mountains with lakes called LOCHS Mostly covered with MOORS and BOGS Too much rain to allow for a lot of plant growth Herding sheep and fishing – Economic Activity  Central Lowlands Glasgow and Edinburgh – Population Centers Ship Building and Factories  Southern Uplands Primarily a sheep raising region and TOURISM

Scotland  Culture  New industries have replaced traditional mining, steel, and shipbuilding Computer and electronics – Silicon Glen (Valley)  Act of Union, 1707 Scotland kept trading and political rights  Presbyterian Church  New Scottish Parliament, 1997

Wales  Conquered in 1284  Since has been united with England  Separation of Culture  Own capital, postage, flag, and language  Welsh – Celtic Dialect, spoken in Northern Wales  Physical Characteristics – Just like Scotland  Economic Activities  Coal Mining and Herding  Today new industries and foreign companies

1. Which of the following physical characteristics of England fueled the Industrial Revolution? a.oil reserves in the Northc.natural gas deposits in the North Sea b.rich farmland in the Lowlandsd.coal resources in the Midlands 2. London became one of the greatest commercial and shipping centers in the world mainly because a.it is the city that lies closest to the mainland of Europe. b.ships could sail directly into its port. c.of its location on the Atlantic Ocean. d.of the lasting influence of the Roman Empire over European markets. 3. Which of the following was a major result of the Industrial Revolution? a.Exports of manufactured goods to the British colonies increased. b.Exports of agricultural goods declined. c.Ireland became the new “workshop of the world.” d.Beef and dairy industries moved from England to Scotland and Wales. 4. Compared with the land in the Highlands, the Lowlands region of England is a.covered by more fertile farmland. b.richer in coal reserves. c.the center of business and industry. d.much rockier and more difficult for farming or manufacturing. 5. London’s relative location improved in the 1500s when a.the Industrial Revolution arrived on the island. b.trade across the Atlantic decreased. c.improvements in ships and navigation devices increased trade in the Atlantic. d.the center of trade shifted from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea.

1. Which of the following physical characteristics of England fueled the Industrial Revolution? a.oil reserves in the Northc.natural gas deposits in the North Sea b.rich farmland in the Lowlandsd.coal resources in the Midlands 2. London became one of the greatest commercial and shipping centers in the world mainly because a.it is the city that lies closest to the mainland of Europe. b.ships could sail directly into its port. c.of its location on the Atlantic Ocean. d.of the lasting influence of the Roman Empire over European markets. 3. Which of the following was a major result of the Industrial Revolution? a.Exports of manufactured goods to the British colonies increased. b.Exports of agricultural goods declined. c.Ireland became the new “workshop of the world.” d.Beef and dairy industries moved from England to Scotland and Wales. 4. Compared with the land in the Highlands, the Lowlands region of England is a.covered by more fertile farmland. b.richer in coal reserves. c.the center of business and industry. d.much rockier and more difficult for farming or manufacturing. 5. London’s relative location improved in the 1500s when a.the Industrial Revolution arrived on the island. b.trade across the Atlantic decreased. c.improvements in ships and navigation devices increased trade in the Atlantic. d.the center of trade shifted from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea.

Parking Lot  Identify one (1) thing you learned today and one (1) question you have from today.  Place it on the “Parking Lot” on your way out the door

The Two Irelands  Physical Characteristics  Island is shaped like a bowl Hills along the coast and low center of the island Moist from plenty of rainfall from Atlantic Emerald Isle Peat – Energy source

1. In contrast to the southern Uplands and the Highlands, the central Lowlands of Scotland a.has more lochs. b.is a less industrialized region. c.supports a higher percentage of the population. d.is a region where the population is more likely to maintain ancient traditions. 2. Although politically united with England since 1707, Scotland has retained all of the following except its own a.system of laws.c.parliamentary system. b.religion.d.system of education. 3. Heavy industries in Wales have declined since the mid-1900s because of the a.use of more land for farming. b.lack of modern technology. c.emphasis on service industries such as tourism. d.migration of many people to rural areas. 4. Scotland’s lakes and rugged highlands were created by a.the movement of glaciers.c.volcanic activity. b.tectonic shifts.d.weather and erosion. 5. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the way that the Welsh economy changed in the late twentieth century? a.An investment in new technology saved the coal industry. b.After a period of high unemployment, foreign investment brought new industries to Wales. c.Once the coal mines closed, petroleum refineries kept unemployment rates low. d.The lack of skilled laborers forced the closing of the coal mines.

1. In contrast to the southern Uplands and the Highlands, the central Lowlands of Scotland a.has more lochs. b.is a less industrialized region. c.supports a higher percentage of the population. d.is a region where the population is more likely to maintain ancient traditions. 2. Although politically united with England since 1707, Scotland has retained all of the following except its own a.system of laws.c.parliamentary system. b.religion.d.system of education. 3. Heavy industries in Wales have declined since the mid-1900s because of the a.use of more land for farming. b.lack of modern technology. c.emphasis on service industries such as tourism. d.migration of many people to rural areas. 4. Scotland’s lakes and rugged highlands were created by a.the movement of glaciers.c.volcanic activity. b.tectonic shifts.d.weather and erosion. 5. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the way that the Welsh economy changed in the late twentieth century? a.An investment in new technology saved the coal industry. b.After a period of high unemployment, foreign investment brought new industries to Wales. c.Once the coal mines closed, petroleum refineries kept unemployment rates low. d.The lack of skilled laborers forced the closing of the coal mines.

The Two Irelands  Cooperation and Conflict  Invasion and War Celtic or Gaelic tribes fending themselves from the Vikings and Normans  1066 – Norman Invaders  1500’s – Reformation  1840’s – Potato Famine  – Rebellion  1949– Independence  1990’s – Extreme Violence and Peace