ITALIAN FRENCH SPANISH FLEMISH DUTCH Bernini, Borromini, Caravaggio, Gentileschi Louis XIV, Poussin, Lorrain Philip IV, Velazquez, Zurburan Rubens, Van Dyck, Charles I Hals, Ruisdael, Rembrandt, Vermeer, Claesz, Leyster People to know…

Willem Claez Heda, Still Life with Oysters, c. 1640s

Pieter Claesz, Still Life with a Skull and a Writing Quill, 1628.

Willem Claez Heda, Still Life with Tobacco, Wine and Pocket Watch, 1637.

Willem Claez Heda Banquet Piece with Mince Pie, 1635.

FRENCH BAROQUE Louis XIV Nicolas Poussin Claude Lorrain ROCOCO Antoine Watteau Francois Boucher Jean-Honore Fragonard Know these people…

ROCOCO François de Cuvilles, Hall of Mirrors, Munich, Germany, early 1700s. Delicate, Organic, Ornate, Detailed, Reflective, Fanciful, Festive

ROCOCO Germain Boffrand, Salon de la Princesse, Paris, France ca

ROCOCO Germain Boffrand, Salon de la Princesse, Paris, France ca This is a typical French Rococo Room. The room is comprised of sinuous curves luxuriantly multiplied in mirror reflections. Painting, architecture, and sculpture combine to form a single ensemble. tendrils: A twisting, threadlike structure by which a twining plant, such as a grape or cucumber, grasps an object or a plant for support.

ROCOCO Antoine Watteau, L’Indefferent, Portrait of Louis XIV, 1701.

ROCOCO Antoine Watteau, Return from Cythera, This painting represents a group of lovers preparing to depart from the island of eternal youth and love, sacred to Aphrodite. Young and luxuriously costumed, they perform, as it were, an elegant, tender, and graceful ballet, moving from the protective shade of a woodland park, peopled with amorous cupids and voluptuous statuary, down a grassy slope to an awaiting golden barge. Fete Galante = ‘elegant outdoor entertainment’

ROCOCO Antoine Watteau, Pilgrimage to Cythera, 1717.

ROCOCO Francois Boucher, Cupid a Captive, 1754 Boucher was a follower of Watteau and the painter for Madame de Pompadour ( the influencial mistress of Louis XV) His fame was gained through his paintings of graceful allegories, with Archadian shepherds, nymphs, and goddesses cavorting in shady glens engulfed in pink and sky blue light. “Boucher’s paintings are highly caloric with little nutritional value”

ROCOCO Francois Boucher, Marquise de Pompadour, 1756.

ROCOCO Jean-Honré Fragonard, The Swing, 1766 Fragonard was a student of Boucher and is considered by many to have surpassed the genius of his master. This is a typical “intrigue” picture. A young gentleman has managed an arrangement whereby an unsuspecting old bishop swings the young man’s pretty sweetheart higher and higher, while her lover (and the work’s patron), in the lower left-hand corner, stretches out to admire her ardently from a strategic position on the ground. The young lady flirtatiously and boldly kicks off her shoe at the little statue on the god of discretion, who holds his finger to his lips.

ROCOCO Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The Bathers, 1766.

DUTCH FREEDOM The Dutch succeeded in securing their independence from the Spanish in the late sixteenth century. Not until 1648, however, after years of continual border skirmishes with the Spanish were the northern Netherlands officially recognized as the United Provinces of the Netherlands ( The Dutch Republic ). DUTCH MONEY Amsterdam had the highest per capita income in Europe. That city emerged as the financial center of Europe, having founded the Bank of Amsterdam in DUTCH GOVERNMENT Due to this prosperity and the absence of an absolute ruler, political power increasingly passed into the hands of an urban patrician class of merchants and manufacturers, especially in cities such as Amsterdam, Haarlem, and Delft. That these bustling cities were all located in Holland ( the largest of the seven United Provinces ) perhaps explains why the name “Holland” is used informally to refer to the entire country. DUTCH RELIGION While Spain and the southern Netherlands were Catholic, the northern Netherlands were predominantly Protestant. The prevailing Calvinism demanded a puritanical rejection of art in churches, and thus artists produced relatively little religious art in the Dutch Republic at this time (especially when compared to areas dominated by Catholicism in the wake of the Counter- Reformation.)

Plebian Portraits Genre Paintings 0 Landscapes Still Lifes

Frans Hals

Frans Hals, Banquet of the Officers of the St George Militia Company, 1616.

Frans Hals. Officers and Sergeants of the St Hadrian Civic Guard. c

Frans Hals. The Governors Of The Old Mena Almhouse At Haarlem, 1664.

Frans Hals Buffoon (Jester) Playing A Lute 1623

Frans Hals The Laughing Cavalier 1624

Frans Hals The Laughing Child

Frans Hals The Jolly Toper (or The Merry Drinker)

Frans Hals Lute Player With Wine Glass 1626.

Frans Hals Portrait of Rene Descartres c1649.