Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Mortality of waterbirds in the Upper Mississippi River Jennifer Sauer; USGS—La Crosse, Wisconsin Dr. Rebecca.

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Presentation transcript:

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Mortality of waterbirds in the Upper Mississippi River Jennifer Sauer; USGS—La Crosse, Wisconsin Dr. Rebecca Cole; USGS—Madison, Wisconsin Dr. Greg Sandland, UW-La Crosse Dr. Roger Haro, UW-La Crosse Jim Nissen; USFWS La Crosse District Ed Britton; USFWS Savanna District Jennifer Sauer; USGS—La Crosse, Wisconsin Dr. Rebecca Cole; USGS—Madison, Wisconsin Dr. Greg Sandland, UW-La Crosse Dr. Roger Haro, UW-La Crosse Jim Nissen; USFWS La Crosse District Ed Britton; USFWS Savanna District Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Waterbird Mortalities

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Mortality Events P 2002-P

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Bithynia tentaculata

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Cyathocotyle bushiensis (Coots) Sphaeridiotrema globulus (Scaup, Coots) Leyogonimus polyoon (Coots)

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Pathology Sphaeridiotrema Sphaeridiotrema –reside in the small intestine –feed on blood, causing severe blood loss and anemia Cyathocotyle Cyathocotyle –reside in the ceca –cause a disruption in water and electrolyte balance Leyogonimus polyoon Leyogonimus polyoon – –infects primarily the upper and middle areas of the small intestine. – –severe enteritis characterized by thickening of the intestinal wall that blocks the lumen of the intestine

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Why are we concerned?

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Why are we concerned?

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Total Mortality Estimates 16, ,795 26, ,140 Total (Spring & Fall) 10, ,000 2, ,700 Fall , ,000 Fall , ,000 Fall , ,600 Fall , ,600 Fall Fall 2002 Pool 8 Pool 7

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Synopsis of on-going work

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Lake Onalaska—2005 & 2007 NWHC lead

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Prevalence of Infection Overall prevalence for parasites at all sites across entire season was 70.75% Highest prevalence for a parasite was in August 83.1% Lowest prevalence for a parasite was in May 54.1%

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Treatments C = Control T1 = Gravel T2 = Gravel/sand mix T2 T1 C C T2 3 areas at ~90 feet 6 areas at 110 feet C T1 T & 2007 Management study

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center MonitoringMonitoring Infected snails found in every pool sampled

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Pool Vegetation and Snail Sampling Pool 13 1 – >100 <1000 >1000 Pool 8

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Example of sampling protocol Site 1 Site 2 X 2 30 cm60 cm A B A B N Cobble assessment 2008—Pools 7 and 8 study

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Snail comparisons between pools Pool 7 Pool 8

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

R 2 = 0.88; P = Infection Rates

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Documented exotic infection patterns B. tentaculata C. bushiensis S. globulus L. polyoon After this summer, additional hosts identified: C. bushiensis S. globulus L. polyoon Amnicola Campeloma

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center C. bushiensis abundance – Pool 7

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center C. bushiensis abundance – Pool 8

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Experimental exposures Conclusion: Bithynia does not appear to be as susceptible to NATIVE parasite species as native snail species

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Management Strategies Molluscacide; Decrease rip rap (rocks) Harvest submersed vegetation Harass birds?? Cover rip-rap Modify island design Pick up dead birds X X X X X