BELL RINGER: Read Section 2 Handout In your notes... 1. Rank three motives for exploration in terms of how influential you think each was in the Age of Exploration 2. List four of the advances that allowed for easier exploration during this time. Provide an explanation of each advance.

Section 2: Reading Check 1. Motives for exploration... desire to find new trade routes to Asia excitement over the opportunity for new knowledge chance to earn fame and glory chance for adventure the desire to claim new lands’ riches and wealth to spread Christianity.

Section 2: Reading Check 2. Advances... Cartography: Improved mapmaking led to more accurate maps, which helped explorers by making navigation easier. Ship design: Improved ship design, such as new caravels, improved navigation and the ability to explore along coastlines. Compass and astrolabe: Improved compass and astrolabe gave more accurate direction and distance measurements, and helped sailors travel more safely on the open seas. Weapons: Weapons using gunpowder and steel swords gave Europeans a huge military advantage over native peoples.

Spain Builds an American Empire Chapter 20 Section 1 Spain Builds an American Empire

Objective Analyze the voyages of Columbus and other Spanish explorers and the Spanish colonization of the Americas

Christopher Columbus Genoese Sea Captain Searching for a new trade route to Asia Sailed for Spain – August 3, 1492 “Tierra Tierra” October 12, 1492 Los indios Claims the island for Spain San Salvador Page 553, Columbus’ journal “It was my wish to bypass no island without taking possession”

What was the main goal of explorers? A. To find a trade route around the world B. To reach the Pacific Ocean C. To abolish indigenous peoples D. To find new sources of wealth

A. To find a trade route around the world B. To reach the Pacific Ocean C. To abolish indigenous peoples D. To find new sources of wealth

Christopher Columbus Interested in finding GOLD Spanish monarchs funded three more explorations Spanish Goal: transform Caribbean islands into colonies (lands controlled by another nation)

What did Spanish exploration and colonization of the New World lead to? A. Spanish colonization of Canada B. Finding trade routes to Asia C. Other European explorers sailed across the Atlantic D. Other European nations decide to explore Asia

A. Spanish colonization of Canada B. Finding trade routes to Asia C. Other European explorers sailed across the Atlantic D. Other European nations decide to explore Asia

Pedro Alvares Cabral Portuguese Brazil, 1500 – claimed land for Portugal

Amerigo Vespucci Italian but sailing for Portugal (1501) Sailed along East Coast of South America Declared it was a “New World”! Named “America” in honor of him

Vasco Nunez de Balboa Hijacked a ship Marched through modern day Panama 1st European to see Pacific Ocean

Ferdinand Magellan Spanish funding $$ Started with: 250 men, 5 ships Sailed around Southern tip of South America (Cape Horn) Explored Pacific, 1519 Philippines Killed in local civil war Crew members – 1st to sail around the world (1522) Ended with: 18 men, 1 ship

What was the significance of Magellan’s voyage? A. Spanish colonization of Chile B. First voyage around the globe C. Interactive with natives of the Philippines D. First voyage around Cape Horn

What was the significance of Magellan’s voyage? A. Spanish colonization of Chile B. First voyage around the globe C. Interactive with natives of the Philippines D. First voyage around Cape Horn

Spanish Conquest in Mexico Hernando Cortes Spanish conquistador (Spanish explorers/conquerors) Mexico 1st European settlers in America Significantly impacted the culture in the regions they colonized Aztec (Tenochtitlan) Fighting between Spanish and Aztecs...Spanish outnumbered but still defeated Aztecs (1521) “Disease of the heart that only gold can cure”

How did Cortes defeat the Aztecs in 1521? 1. Superior weaponry 2. help from other natives 3. disease (killed hundreds of thousands)

Interpreting the Map PAGE 555 Question 1 and 2

Spanish Conquest in Peru Francisco Pizarro 1532 – conquered the Incan Empire, Peru Atahualpa, Incan ruler, had a large army...but met the Spanish unarmed and was captured. Offered Pizarro loads of gold

Peninsulares – Spanish explorers/settlers in the Americas Mestizo – mixed Spanish and Native population Encomienda – forced labor of Natives Brazil, 1530, Portugal – sugar plantations 16th Century Spain – richest, most powerful in Europe Increased military Conquistadors push North

Juan Ponce de Leon 1513 Florida

Francisco Vaquez de Coronado Explores southwestern North America Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas Goal: to Christianize Set up colony in New Mexico – scattered with missionaries, forts, and small ranches Headquarters for advancing the Catholic Religion

Opposition Priests spoke out against harsh treatment of natives Encomienda system abolished 1542 Natives resist 1st – against Columbus, St. Croix New Mexico 1680 – Pueblo native forces of 8,000 pushed Spanish out of New Mexico for 12 years New issue: Other Europeans were beginning to colonize

What did Spanish exploration and colonization of the New World eventually lead to? Sparked other European explorers to sail across the Atlantic in search of new lands to claim

Answer the following questions: 1. Reread the primary source on page 553. How might Columbus’s view of the Taino have led the Spanish to think they could take advantage of and impose their will on the natives? 2. Why were most of the Spanish explorers drawn to the Americas?