At least 300 deaths/year 7421 deaths from deaths in 1980 alone 21 high school and college football player deaths since 1995

Excessive sweat loss results in dehydration The body loses its ability to cool Increased blood flow to skin causes decrease in organ function

HEAT RASH HEAT CRAMPS HEAT EXHAUSTION HEAT STROKE

Caused by skin being constantly wet from sweat and plugging sweat glands Tiny raised red blistery rash Keep areas dry and clean

Caused by excessive loss of electrolytes Early warning sign of heat stress Painful cramps usually in legs or abdomen Stop activity, hydrate, rest in cool place Get medical attention if condition continues

The body’s response to excessive water and electrolyte loss Stop activity and seek treatment immediately

The body’s cooling mechanism shuts down Over 20% that reach the heat stroke stage die even with medical attention

HEAT EXHAUSTION Skin is pale Excessive sweating May faint but usually conscious Headache Nausea and vomiting Blurred vision Dizziness HEAT STROKE Skin is red No sweating Unconscious or incoherent

HEAT EXHAUSTION Call 911 Rest in cool place Loosen and remove unnecessary clothing Shower or sponge with cool water HEAT STROKE Call 911 Immediate, aggressive, effective cooling DO NOT give anything by mouth Transport to hospital

Poor nutrition Poor physical condition High and low % body fat Previous heat illness Lack of acclimatization Over 40 Illness (diabetes, asthma) Pregnancy Diet plans

Air temperature Direct sunlight Radiant heat Humidity Little air movement

Work intensity Work duration Location (roof, road, enclosure) Clothing (weight, impermeability) Respiratory protection

Be watchful for symptoms (self and others) Properly hydrate (before, during, after) Get adequate rest Avoid alcohol, unnecessary medication, and caffeine