DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES Claudia Robbi Sluter André Luiz Alencar de Mendonça Federal University.

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Presentation transcript:

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES Claudia Robbi Sluter André Luiz Alencar de Mendonça Federal University of Parana - Brazil

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES BRAZILIAN BIOMES

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES

one of the highest biodiversity rates in the world BRAZIL Mittermeier et al. (1992) Environmental laws National topographic mapping enforcement available, complete and updated

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION United Nations Environment Programme one of the most modern of the world Federal Constitution Criminal Codes Civil Codes the environment is a basic right of human being “All have the right to an ecologically balanced environment which is an asset of common use and essential to a healthy quality of life, and both the Government and the community shall have the duty to defend and preserve it for present and future generations.” 1988 Federal Constitution article 225

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION Environmental protection Normative acts act 6938/1981 Brazilian National Policy for Environment Environment National Council (CONAMA) Environment National System (SISNAMA) The Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA)

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION Important environment-related acts Act 4771/1965: establishes the forest code Act 4118/1962: provides for the nuclear power national policy Act 9985/2000: establishes SNUC – the National System of Nature Conservation Areas Act 9433/1997: provides for the water resources national policy Act 11284/2006: provides for public forests management Act 11428/2006: provides for use and protection of Atlantic Forest Biome Act 9605/1998: the environmental crimes law

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES BRAZILIAN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING LEGISLATION 1988 Federal Constitution articles 21 and 22 TITLE III. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE CHAPTER II. THE UNION Article 21. The Union shall have the power to: XV - organize and maintain the official services of statistics, geography, geology and cartography of national scope Article 22. The Union has the exclusive power to legislate on: XVIII - the national statistical, cartographic and geological systems

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES BRAZILIAN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING LEGISLATION Article 22. The Union has the exclusive power to legislate on: XVIII - the national statistical, cartographic and geological systems Decree-Law # 243 of 1967 “the National Topographic Mapping is intended to represent the national territory through a series of adjacent, homogeneous and updated quadrangle maps at the standard scales:” 1: : : : : :25 000

1: : : THE PROBLEM OF COMPLETENESS DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES BRAZILIAN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING PROBLEMS

THE PROBLEM OF AGING DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES BRAZILIAN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING PROBLEMS

THE PROBLEM OF AGING DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES BRAZILIAN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING PROBLEMS

THE PROBLEM OF AGING DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES BRAZILIAN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING PROBLEMS

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES Brazilian environmental law issues concerning to topographic mapping ActIssues concerning to topographic mapping Act 6938/1981 National Policy for Environment Potentially polluting activities control and zoning; Control of threatened or degraded areas; Tax collecting for survey and licensing activities accordingly to the land use and area size. Act 9433/1997 Water Resources National Policy Definition for Watershed; Calculation of river basin areas; Class definitions for water bodies. Act 9605/1998 Environmental Crimes Law Penalties for deforestation, economic exploitation or degradation of native or planted forest area. Act 6766/1979 Urban Areas Management Law Definition of Urban Areas and Urban Expansion; Definition of waterflood areas, slope above 30% and ecological preservation areas.

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES The Forest Code - Act 4771/1965 the decade of 1980 and 1990 had expressive deforestation rates Rural producersEcologists several points of disagreement X “But there are not studies pointing out the relationship between these problems and the absence of topographic mapping in Brazil”

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES The Forest Code - Act 4771/ classes of protected areas in particular rural properties APP – Permanent Preservation Areas Legal Reserves

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES MAJOR BRAZILIAN BIOMES – legal reserves areas Amazon forest Atlantic forest Caatinga Cerrado Pantanal Pampa 80% 20% 20%* 20%

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES Floresta Ombrófila Densa Floresta Ombrófila Aberta Floresta Ombrófila Mista Floresta Estacional Decidual Savana Savana - Estépica Área das Formações Pioneiras Refúgios Vegetais Geographic limits Official map 1: Atlantic Forest Biome Law /2006 > 625km² 25km x 25km 5mm x 5mm

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES Permanent Preservation Areas and Topographic Maps Riparian zones High slopes Top of montains and hills Highly altitude areas Stream width range (in meters) Minimum riparian zone width (in meters) 10 or less30 10 to to to or high500 Source of river or stream 50 1: topographic maps 1mm width line100 meters stream length3 classes of APP 1:10,000 scale maps

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES CONCLUSION Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world and the largest of the South hemisphere with around 8 million square kilometers. Due to its continental extension the country has relevant biomes for the world. Those biomes demand on conservation programmes and strategies for sustainable development. These actions depend on a topographic mapping at a suitable scale. Topographic cartography is an expense activity however it is essential for any plan or action that aims environmental protection and conservation.

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES CONCLUSION A basic topographic cartography at a suitable scale can bring benefits to the quality of results of the environment license process. The analysis of the environmental legislation allows us to establish its dependence of the existence of an official topographic mapping at a suitable and accurate scale. Environment protection and preservation encompasses a set of aspects related to geographic data and they should be considered when the authorities make decisions about budget for mapping the countries.