GNU / Linux A free operating system

Summary History What can you find on a Linux OS Linux Economy

What is GNU/Linux … GNU/Linux is a Free Operating System It runs on different architectures from Intel to Motorola It can replace Windows XP or Mac OS X It is also used in embedded systems

Linux was born in 1991 in Finland

To become a free 3D desktop OS …

In the beginning there was the gnu… Richard Stallman wrote the GNU manifesto in 1984 GNU was the name for the complete Unix-compatible software system which Stallman was writing at the time What does GNU stand for ? GNU is Not Unix ◦GNU is Not Unix  GNU is Not Unix ◦ GNU is Not Unix ……

Why UNIX-like ? “Unix is not my ideal system, but it’s not too bad” Unix is a OS created with the philosophy “everything is a file” Unix was at the time a very expensive piece of software used by scientists and the military

Is Richard Stallman The Messy ?! Born in 1953 in Manhattan, New York Student at Harvard Programmer at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the MIT In the 70’s he was an active member of the hacker community of the MIT He finally founded the GNU movement in He is the author of “emacs”

Stallman the activist In January 1984, he quit his job at MIT to work full time on the GNU project In Venezuela, Stallman has delivered public speeches and promoted the adoption of free software Meetings with the government of the Indian State of Kerala, he persuaded officials to discard proprietary software

Why do we call this system Linux ? Stallman did not write the Kernel The Kernel is the heart of the GNU system The man who wrote it is called Linus Torvalds He is from Finland that’s mostly why the logo is a penguin

Linus Torvalds Born in Finland in 1969 At the age of 21 he posted to the minix community his first OS mostly written in C By the end of September 1991 the version 0.01 of Linux was released on the internet with lines of code

Familly of GNU/LINUX Debian Fedora Mandriva Red Hat Slackware SuSE Gentoo Debian Fedora Mandriva Red Hat Slackware SuSE Gentoo

History of Unix-like systems

Summary History What can we find on this OS Linux Economy

The Kernel features True preempting multi-task Virtual memory Shared libraries … Memory management Internet Protocol Threading All you need to run a system

The user interfaces The programmers will find their classical interface

The user interfaces

Open Source Softwares Web Browsers FTP Clients Http Servers Image Processing software Instant Messengers Office Suite Development tools GNU Compiler Collection (gcc) Etc … Software Internet Depositary Management

The GNU Compiler Collection Originally named the GNU C Compiler started by Richard Stallman in 1985 GCC provides compilers for C, C++, Java, and Fortran … The Linux Kernel is compiled with GCC It supports dozens of target processors GCC is now maintained by a varied group of programmers from around the world

GNU/Linux as a Server Historically the kernel has been made to be a server Out of the top 500 supercomputers 75.2% run Linux Eight of the ten most reliable internet hosting companies run Linux on their web servers

GNU/Linux as an Embedded system Television set-top boxes, mobile phones, and handheld devices use Linux Linux has become a major competitor to the proprietary Symbian OS found in many mobile phones Several network firewall and router standalone products The Korg OASYS music workstation synthesizer also runs Linux

Summary History and presentation of the protagonist What can we find on this OS Linux Economy

Free software, as defined by the Free Software Foundation, is software which can be used, copied, studied, modified and redistributed with little or no restriction This foundation gave birth to the Global Public License (GPL)

What is free and what is not

Linux but not for Free Some of Linux distributions are freely downloadable and some are sold with proprietary software Freeware such as adobe acrobat are not open source projects There is a difference between the cost and whether you have access to the code

Linux Business Many firms sell Linux OS Red Hat or Mandriva are not free The kernel cannot be sold because it is distributed under GPL license Maintenance services can be sold Documentation can be sold

Still time ? Demonstration !