“Science is not belief, but the will to find out,” 5th Grade Science “Science is not belief, but the will to find out,” Unknown Author Cut and discard this bottom portion.

Scientific Process

Science Equipment & Measurement Balance Mass (g/kg) Magnifying glass Size Goggles Safety Graduated Cylinder Volume (ml/L) Ruler Length (mm/cm/m/km) Thermometer Temperature (°C) Stopwatch Time (sec/mins) Hotplate Apply Heat Scientific Process, Equipment & Measurement Cut and discard this bottom portion.

5 Steps to Evaluating Charts and Graphs: Look for patterns on the data represented. Record the totals for each data point on a bar/line graph. Look for a key to help you interpret Look for the labels on the chart/graph Look for the title of the chart/graph 5 Steps to Evaluating Charts and Graphs:

Evaluating Models and Promotional Materials Review Infer Relate 3 Steps to Examining a Model Does it have all the parts? Does the model make sense? How can it be improved? Evaluating Charts, Graphs, Models & Promotional Materials Cut and discard this bottom portion.

Ecosystems of the World Deserts, Rainforests, Tundras, Grasslands, & Deciduous Forests. Ecosystems are large scale environments, where certain animals and plants live. The climate there determines which organisms are able to survive and which aren’t. They include: dry & hot hot & humid cold & dry warm & wet seasonable Sometimes natural disasters or humans can cause an ecosystem to change. This might cause the plants and animals that live there to move, or even die. Things like volcanoes, pollution, earthquakes, forest fires, flooding, tsunamis, and tornadoes can cause this to happen.

Organisms and How They Interact With the Environment Prey- animal that is eaten. Ex. Deer Predator- animal that hunts Ex. Lion Producer- plants that make food. Ex. Grass Consumer- animal that gets food. Ex. Frog Decomposer- bacteria that eats the remains Ex. Fungus 3 types of consumers: Herbivores- plant eaters Carnivores- meat eaters Omnivores- eat both plants and meat Energy is transferred from the Sun to the plants, to herbivores, to the carnivores. So food chains and webs represent the flow of energy in an ecosystem. Food Chain: One example of the flow of energy in an ecosystem Food Web: Multiple food chains showing how energy moves in an ecosystem. Ecosystems, Organisms and Reactions with Environment Cut and discard this bottom portion.

Survival & Adaptation: Types In Stomachs In Leaves Conserving Water Blowhole Gills Getting Oxygen Beaks Claws Getting Food Defense Camouflage Protection

Metamorphosis refers to the way organisms develop, grow, & change. Life Cycles and Change Metamorphosis refers to the way organisms develop, grow, & change. Incomplete Metamorphosis only has three stages, egg, nymph & adult. The nymph will resemble the adult but will be wingless. Complete Metamorphosis has four stages, egg, larva, pupa, adult. The larva will not resemble the adult stage at all. Survival & Adaptations, Life Cycle & Change Cut and discard this bottom portion.

Traits and Behaviors Traits & Behaviors Learned Behaviors Our inherited traits come from our parents Other things we learn over time or are taught. Learned Behaviors Inherited Traits & Behaviors Traits & Behaviors Things that are taught to you or have been learned from experience. Characteristics you are born with. eating habits spoken language likes & dislikes eye color fur/skin color Leaf shape Traits and Behaviors

Cycles That Support Life The water cycle provides plants and animals with water to meet one of their basic needs and survive. The carbon cycle uses the process of photosynthesis to take in carbon dioxide, sunlight and water, to produce oxygen for plants and animals, and food for itself. Traits and Behaviors & Cycles that Support Life Cut and discard this bottom portion.

Systems and Cycles in Space Our solar system in located in the Milky Way Galaxy. There are 8 planets in the solar system, the first 4 are the inner planets, and the next 4 are the outer planets. The Sun’s gravity keeps them in orbit. The Earth rotates on an imaginary axis. It take 24 hours or 1 day for it to complete one complete turn. As the Earth rotates on its axis, it also orbits around the Sun. It takes the earth 365 days to complete on revolution around the Sun. The Earth’s tilt, along with its revolution around the Sun is what causes our seasons. As the earth orbits the Sun and turns on its axis, the moon orbits the Earth. As it does this we can see a pattern of change over about 30 days. There is the new moon, first quarter, full moon, and last quarter. Then the cycle begins again. The Earth, Moon, and Sun form a system.

Earth’s Structure and Change The Earth is made of three layers, core, mantle & crust. The crust is the part that we inhabit and the part that changes the most. The crust has many land features known as landforms. These are made through different processes on Earth. Rapid Changes Volcanoes *Adds new layers to Earth’s surface. Destroys ecosystem around it. Earthquakes *Sudden movement of plates beneath surface cause changes in the Earth’s surface. Landslides Mass movement of land due to gravity or other conditions that destabilize the land. Slow Changes Weathering Slow change over time that break down rock by wind, water, ice and growth of plant roots. Erosion Movement of soil, sand, or sediment by wind, water or ice. Deposition Soil, sand & sediment is carried away and new land is formed. Glaciers Large sheet of moving ice that weathers and erodes the surface as it moves. Systems & Cycles in Space, Earth’s Structure & Change

Weather, The Water Cycle and the Role of the Sun Energy from the Sun powers the water cycle. The Sun helps plants go through photosynthesis to reduce CO2, produce O2 & make their own food. Constant moving water helps to shape the surface of the Earth and guide weather patterns air is sinking, this causes dry air, clear skies, and little to no precipitation. High Pressure = Low Pressure = air is lifting, this causes rain, snow, ice, and cloudy and stormy conditions to occur. Cold fronts travel south (triangle strand), warm fronts travel northward (half circles). Weather Maps Climate is different from weather. It is the weather in a certain region over a long period of time. For example, Midland has a mild climate. It only get cold for short spells over the year. We are too far south. So, our climate is warmer compared to North Dakota or Maine.

Alternative Resources Nonrenewable Resources Earth’s Resources Earth has materials found naturally that we can use for a variety of things. They are divided into the three groups shown below. Renewable Resources Plants Animals Water Oxygen Soil Alternative Resources Geothermal Hydroelectric Bio-fuels Solar Wind Nonrenewable Resources Oil Natural Gas Coal Minerals Recycle Limited Endless Fossil Fuels form over millions of years. Dead plants and animals are buried by layers of sediment. Over time, through heat and pressure, they turn into coal, oil and natural gas. Alternative Energy is the phrase we use to describe alternatives to oil, coal and natural gas. We are finding ways to utilize what we find naturally on earth in a better and cheaper way. Sedimentary Rock layers tell a story of the past. They are formed when layers of soil, sand, sediment and rock are deposited along with water to form the layers over time. Fossils can be found here and can also tell us about the climate from the past. Geo- Solar Wind Biofuel Hydro- thermal electric Soil is a very important renewable resource. Depending on the type, it can have a different texture, ability to retain water, and support life. Weather, Water Cycle, Role of the Sun, Earth’s Resources Cut and discard this bottom portion.

Forms of Energy & Their Properties Energy is the ability to do work and it exist in many forms. Kinetic Energy: energy that is in motion. Energy can be seen. Potential Energy: energy that can not be seen (stored energy). Energy Thermal Electrical Light Sound Mechanical Energy Refraction Bending Reflection Bouncing Sound Vibrations

Energy in Motion PULL PUSH Conductors Insulators Energy that is used to move things is called force. Electrical energy moves in a path. A closed path can be used to do work. PUSH Conductors Insulators Other Force Factor Include: Gravity Friction Mass Forms of Energy, Their Properties, & Energy in Motion

Physical Properties of Matter Matter is all around us. Each type of matter has physical properties that make it unique. Some examples are shown below: Physical Properties of Matter States of Matter Mass Magnetism Density Solubility Insulation Conduction Freezing point Boiling point Freezes at 0ºC & Water Boils at 100ºC

Changes in States of Matter Matter is always changing: Freezing Evaporation Melting Condensation Cooling Heating Physical Property of Matter, Changes in States of Matter

Properties of Mixtures & Solutions Harder to separate Saltwater: Easy to separate Cork and Iron nails: Solutions are mixtures of two or more substances. Each substance usually does not maintain its physical properties. They are more difficult to separate Mixtures are two or more substances mixed together. Each substance maintains its unique physical properties. The mixture is easy to separate. Properties of Mixtures & Solutions