1. 1 Earth/Space Review 3.6B; 3.11A, C, D; 4.6A; 4.11A, B, C; 5.5A, B; 5.6A, B; 5.11A, B, C; 5.12A, B, C, D

2. 2 3.6B Identify that the surface of the Earth can be changed by forces such as earthquakes and glaciers. Earthquakes can cause quick changes to the Earth’s surface. Earthquakes are caused by movements in the Earth’s crust that release energy and shake the ground.

3. 3 3.6B Identify that the surface of the Earth can be changed by forces such as earthquakes and glaciers. Earthquakes most often take place along faults, which are cracks in the Earth’s crust. Fault (a crack in the Earth’s crust)

4. 4 3.6B Identify that the surface of the Earth can be changed by forces such as earthquakes and glaciers. Earthquakes can cause— huge cracks in the ground landslides lots of destruction

5. 5 Glaciers are huge masses of ice that slide downhill very slowly. Glaciers form when large amounts of snow pile up and never melt. Glaciers only move a few centimeters a day. Glaciers usually form in valleys between mountains. 3.6B Identify that the surface of the Earth can be changed by forces such as earthquakes and glaciers.

6. 6 As glaciers move slowly downhill, they scrape up and carry away pebbles, rocks, and even huge boulders (weathering and erosion). 3.6B Identify that the surface of the Earth can be changed by forces such as earthquakes and glaciers.

7. 7 The sediments that glaciers pick up weather and erode more land as the glacier drags them along. 3.6B Identify that the surface of the Earth can be changed by forces such as earthquakes and glaciers.

8. 8 The movements of glaciers can form u-shaped valleys between mountains. 3.6B Identify that the surface of the Earth can be changed by forces such as earthquakes and glaciers.

9. 9 Volcanoes are mountains formed from lava and ash. During a volcanic eruptions, magma is forced up through weak areas of Earth’s crust.

10. 10 3.6B Identify that the surface of the Earth can be changed by forces such as earthquakes and glaciers. When magma reaches the Earth’s surface, it is called lava. Volcanic eruptions can also throw out rocks, boulders, ash and hot gases.

11. 11 3.6B Identify that the surface of the Earth can be changed by forces such as earthquakes and glaciers. Volcanoes on the ocean floor can create islands in the middle of the ocean over many millions of years.

12. 12 3.6B Identify that the surface of the Earth can be changed by forces such as earthquakes and glaciers. Answer questions 1-4 on your review sheet.

13. 13 3.11AIdentify and describe the importance of earth materials including rocks, soil, water, and gases of the atmosphere in the local area and classify them as renewable, nonrenewable, or inexhaustible resources. Renewable resources are resources that can be easily replaced or renewed within the span of a lifetime. Some examples of renewable resources are plants and animals. Plants include trees, forests, and crops grown for food. Plants and animals are replaced as they reproduce. Many renewable resources are necessary for sustaining life on the Earth.

14. 14 3.11AIdentify and describe the importance of earth materials including rocks, soil, water, and gases of the atmosphere in the local area and classify them as renewable, nonrenewable, or inexhaustible resources. Nonrenewable resources are resources that are used faster than they can be replaced. Petroleum, rocks, soil, natural gas and coal are all nonrenewable resources. Nonrenewable resources can be used up if we are not careful. Many nonrenewable resources as used for heating, cooling and for producing electric power. Others are used in the building of homes, roads, and transportation.

15. 15 3.11AIdentify and describe the importance of earth materials including rocks, soil, water, and gases of the atmosphere in the local area and classify them as renewable, nonrenewable, or inexhaustible resources. Resources that are always available are known as inexhaustible resources. Sunlight, air and wind are considered inexhaustible. Sunlight and wind can be used to make electricity.

16. 16 3.11C Identify the planets in our solar system and their position in relation to the sun. The sun is at the center of our solar system. The inner planets in order from the sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. The outer planets in order from the sun are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Pluto is so small that it is now classified as a dwarf planet. Mercury Venus Sun Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto

17. 17 3.11C Identify the planets in our solar system and their position in relation to the sun. The planets are not usually found in a straight line. They are in curved paths around the sun called orbits.

18. 18 3.11D Describe the characteristics of the sun. 4.11C Identify the sun as the major source of energy for the Earth and understand its role in the growth of plants, in the creation of winds, and in the water cycle. The sun is a star at the center of our solar system composed mostly of helium and hydrogen gases. The sun’s energy provides Earth with the light and heat needed to support life. Its energy influences Earth’s wind and weather. Energy from the sun also drives the water cycle on Earth.

19. 19 Like the Earth, the sun has layers. Nuclear reactions take place in the core. These reactions release huge amounts of energy and makes the core extremely hot (10-20 million degrees Celsius). The energy passes from the core through the other layers and then travels through space. 3.11D Describe the characteristics of the sun. 4.11C Identify the sun as the major source of energy for the Earth and understand its role in the growth of plants, in the creation of winds, and in the water cycle.

20. 20 The photosphere is the surface of the sun that we can see. In a solar eclipse, a red circle can be seen around the sun. This is the chromosphere. It is red because of all the hydrogen surrounding the sun. 3.11D Describe the characteristics of the sun. 4.11C Identify the sun as the major source of energy for the Earth and understand its role in the growth of plants, in the creation of winds, and in the water cycle.

21. 21 Sunspots are darker, cooler spots on the photosphere. The outermost layer of the sun is the corona. Solar flares are sparks of energy found in the corona above sunspots. Solar prominences are sheets of gas that condense out of the corona. 3.11D Describe the characteristics of the sun. 4.11C Identify the sun as the major source of energy for the Earth and understand its role in the growth of plants, in the creation of winds, and in the water cycle.

22. 22 Green plants need sunlight in order to grow and thrive. All of the energy plants need to produce their own food comes from the sun. 3.11D Describe the characteristics of the sun. 4.11C Identify the sun as the major source of energy for the Earth and understand its role in the growth of plants, in the creation of winds, and in the water cycle. Plants need water to grow. Sunlight is also very important.

23. 23 Air over land heats up and cools down more quickly than air over water. Warm air rises and cool air rushes in to fill the space. This creates wind. 3.11D Describe the characteristics of the sun. 4.11C Identify the sun as the major source of energy for the Earth and understand its role in the growth of plants, in the creation of winds, and in the water cycle.

24. 24 The sun heats the water in oceans and lakes, causing it to evaporate. The water vapor rises with warm air. When the water vapor cools, it condenses and forms clouds. 3.11D Describe the characteristics of the sun. 4.11C Identify the sun as the major source of energy for the Earth and understand its role in the growth of plants, in the creation of winds, and in the water cycle. When the water droplets in the clouds get heavy enough, they fall back to the Earth as precipitation. Water accumulates and the cycle starts again!

25. 25 3.11D Describe the characteristics of the sun. 4.11C Identify the sun as the major source of energy for the Earth and understand its role in the growth of plants, in the creation of winds, and in the water cycle. Answer questions 5-10 on your review sheet.

26. 26 Answer Key: 1.A mountain 2.C An earthquake shaking the ground 3.B As lava erupts from volcanoes on the ocean floor, it cools, hardens, and becomes new land. 4.glacier 5.wind; water cycle 6.Hydrogen and helium 7.sun 8.Star; center 9.Mercury; Venus; Earth; Mars; Jupiter; Saturn; Neptune; Uranus

27. 27 Answer Key: 10.D orbit the sun 11.C An air mass 12.D Ocean waves pound shorelines with great power, removing sand and causing erosion. 13.Tides are caused by the pull of the moon’s gravity on the ocean waters. 14.C Warm, damp soils with a lot of loam 15.Seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earth on its axis as it revolves around the sun. 16.365 days; 1 year 17.If you were in Alaska, it would be night because the sun is shining on the opposite of the Earth.

28. 28 Answer Key: 18.A 19.A The water cycle 20.C Oxygen 21.A 24 hours; 1 day B 365 days; 1 year C About 28 days (27-29) D About 28 days (27-29) 22.A Deposition 23.B Erosion 24.Weathering is the breaking up of rocks and rock formations.

29. 29 Answer Key: 25.D 26.B Layer 3 27.B These nonrenewable resources formed deep in the Earth from decaying plants and animals. 28.A Weathering of rocks and minerals 29.False 30.False 31.True 32.False 33.True 34.True 35.True 36.True