HEMOGLOBIN - Hb AUTHOR: Hana Rachůnková

What is hemoglobin? Hemoglobin is a protein that is carried by red cells. Hemoglobin is contained in erythrocytes. It picks up oxygen in the lungs and delivers in to the peripheral tissues to maintain the viability of cells. Hemoglobin has a 4 subunits. One subunit has a polypeptide chain.

Hemoglobin Polypeptide chain has connected HEM. Hem is a complex compound containing tetrapyrol circle with central atom of iron.

Hemoglobin 4 polypeptides form GLOBIN – protein, which takes 96% molecul of hemoglobin.

How is hemoglobin made? Like all proteins, the ´´blueprint´´ for hemoglobin exists in DNA. Normally, an individual has 4 genes that code for the α protein, or α chain. Two other genes code for the β chain. The α chain and the β chain are made in precisely equal amounts, despite the differing number of genes. The protein chains join in developing red blood cells, and remain together for the life of the red cell.

Kinds of hemoglobin GLYKATE HEMOGLOBIN – HbA 1C -rises on amino acids, valine and lysine scrap -It is used as the most important parameter of compensation diabetes CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN -it is a complex of hemoglobin with carbon dioxide -with the rise of carboxyhemoglobin amount in blood the ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen decreases

Physical and chemical properties Molecular mass is Molecule of hemoglobin has a globular form. Hemoglobin is well soluble in a water, concentrated solution has a blue colour. Hemoglobin denaturates under acid or alkalic conditions and in this case is insoluble in water. In 5 litres of blood ¾ kilograms of hemoglobin is found

Illnesses Absence of hemoglobin or disturbance of his production creates ANEMIA or HORNED ANEMIA. INTEREST: Molluscans have also hemoglobin. Special kind are water gasteropoda. The other molluscan have as blood pigment HEMOCYANIN. Well treated diabetic has the value of glycate hemoglobin up to 7%. Velues up to 4,5% represent an excellent compensation, up to 6% comfortable compensation. Bad compensation exceeds 7%.

Diagram

Dictionary Cell – buňka Lungs – plíce Tissues – tkáně Polypeptide chain – polypeptidový řetězec Scrap – zbytek Ability – schopnost Globular – kulovitý Disturbance – porucha Horned anemia – srpkovitá anémie Molluscans – měkkýši Gasteropoda – plži

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