TRAINING FOR PEACE OPERATIONS

“PEACEKEEPING IS NOT A JOB FOR SOLDIERS…BUT ONLY SOLDIERS CAN DO IT.”

TRAINING FOR PEACE OPERATIONS Fifty years of peacekeeping experience by the United Nations But Lesson learned from review of peacekeeping in Brahimi Report in 2000 and New Horizons in 2009 have refined UN peacekeeping. –“One major weakness of forces operating there is poorly equipped and trained soldiers.” Lessons Learned report from Sierra Leone

TRAINING FOR PEACE OPERATIONS Many facets of normal military training and skills apply to peace operations HOWEVER –Peace operations require training in selected special skills, and –An adjustment of attitude and approach to tasks

PEACE OPERATIONS DOCTRINE “Fundamental principles, practices and procedures that guide the military component of UN mandated operations.” “Such military doctrine provides a body of thought that will guide a common approach by member states in their preparation for un peacekeeping activities. The desired result is a consistency that enhances collective effectiveness and develops confidence between troop contributors when operating together in the field in support of those mandated UN objectives.”

FUNDAMENTAL DOCTRINAL PRINCIPLES FOR PEACE OPERATIONS Principles of war (US) Mass Maneuver Offensive Objective Unity of command Simplicity Security Economy of effort Surprise Principles of peace operations (UN) Consent of Parties Impartiality Non-use of force – except in self-defense and defense of mission Legitimacy Credibility National/local ownership Objective Simplicity Security Legitimacy Perseverance Restraint

TRAINING FOR PEACE OPERATIONS Doctrine and training are dynamic Methods and practices of conducting peace operations must be adaptive: –New environment –New procedures –New technology –New training methodologies & devices –Lessons learned

Core Pre-Deployment Training Varies by role of UN peacekeeper and specific mission –Observer –Formed military unit –Staff officer –Police – Civilian

9

MILITARY TRAINING AND EDUCATION HOLISTIC APPROACH –Training Individual Military unit –Education Special skills Leader development –Training support Doctrine, tactics, techniques & procedures Facilities Qualified instructors

UN TRAINING REQUIREMENTS UN Charter UN Systems Code of Conduct Fundamentals of Peacekeeping Code of Conduct History and evolution of Peacekeeping

UN MISSION TRAINING REQUIREMENTS Chapter VI and VII operational and tactical level training –Cultural and historical awareness –Use of force –Rules of Engagement –Refugees and displaced persons –Civil affairs and language –Communications, command structure and logistics –Dealing with the UN, NGO’s and regional organizations –Public affairs –Precautionary medical –Tactical training in operations –Information (intelligence) gathering

TRAINING FOR PEACE OPERATIONS Training for Peace Operations is a national responsibility United Nations provides training support –Policy Evaluation and Training (PET) Division provides training guidance and certification. Training publications & materials Training assistance Training information data base Certification of training

National Peacekeeping Training Centers Over 50 countries have national peacekeeping training centers Some of the more established institutions include: Sweden, Norway, Ireland, Ghana, Kenya, India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Canada, Argentina, Brazil and Chile International Association of Peacekeeping Training Centers ( SWEDINT Sweden SADC RPTC South Africa KAIPTC Ghana CAECOPAZ Argentina

PEACEKEEPING INFORMATION DATA BASE Wide array of information on peacekeeping training world-wide –Sharing of information Information available on training in all 190 member states Some information on training from 88 troop contributing countries Specific information from 63 countries about their training activities Some specific training course material

OTHER PEACEKEEPING EDUCATION AND TRAINING RESOURCES

Self-funded, not-for-profit organisation focused on peacekeeping training Has provided self-paced, distance training in PSO since ,373 enrolments; active students body of 31,100; 164 nations represented 23 courses in four languages

An Introduction to the UN System Civil-Military Coordination (CIMIC) Commanding UN Peacekeeping Operations Humanitarian Relief Ops Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Ethics in Peacekeeping Gender Perspectives History of Peacekeeping 1945–87 History of Peacekeeping 1988–96 Human Rights and Peacekeeping History of Peacekeeping 1997–2006 Courses offered

Implementation of SCR 1325 (2000) in Africa Human Rights Implementation of SCR 1325 (2000) in LAC International Humanitarian Law Logistical Support to UN Peacekeeping Operations Operational Logistical Support Advanced Topics in United Nations Logistics Mine Action Peacekeeping and International Conflict Resolution Preventing Violence Against Women Principles and Guidelines United Nations Military Observers United Nations Police Courses offered (continued)

Mission Status: 2/3 of POTI’s students have served on a peacekeeping mission

“The Special Committee (on Peacekeeping, C34) welcomes the free and multilingual delivery of e-learning courses on peacekeeping provided by the Peace Operations Training Institute, and encourages Member States to support, including through the provision of voluntary financial contributions, the creation of additional courses.” United Nations Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations (C-34). Its official recommendations for 2011, appearing in UN document A/65/19

UNITED NATIONS INSTITUTE FOR TRAINING AND RESEARCH (UNITAR) Self-paced correspondence courses and classroom courses –Each course contains all needed materials –Courses range from 4-16 lessons –Each lesson contains learning objectives, study material, and self-scoring quiz –End of course examination submitted for grading to UNITAR

UNITAR CORRESPONDENCE COURSES Representative courses –United Nations military observer: methods and techniques –Security measures for United Nations peacekeepers –Logistical support –Demining

Method to Set-up Training on UN Peacekeeping Contact your military advisor in New York Review and prepare lessons in accordance with UN standards Ask for certification of training by the UN Send personnel to other nations’ training centers

UN TRAINING ASSISTANCE Provided by United Nations training assistance team(s) (UNTAT) –On-call experts Pre-selected Pre-trained –“Train the trainers” –Coordinated through DPKO –Specific type training based on consultation between DPKO & member state’s permanent mission to UN

TYPES OF UN TRAINING ASSISTANCE Assistance to national and regional peacekeeping training centers Pre-mission training for specific missions Training assistance to established mission Monitor & assist in-mission training

UN TRAINING SUPPORT INITIATIVES Establishment of in-mission training cells in established missions Movement for standardization and evaluation in peace operations training –Standardized peacekeeping training guidelines –Assessment criteria Focus change from “train the trainer” to assisting established regional and national training centers

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PEACEKEEPING TRAINING CENTERS (IAPTC) Facilitates communication and exchange of information among people responsible for PK Promotes/advertises well-tested practices Provides information to PK countries which lack PK training centers –Goal: To establish an information exchange that allows PK Training Centers to minimize duplication in their efforts, share workload and promote common standards.

PEACE OPERATIONS TRAINING SUMMARY PK training remains a national responsibility UN DPKO Policy, Evaluation and Training Division is the focal point for training assistance –UNTAT –Publications & other materials –Maintains electronic data base