MTA - New York City Transit 1 New Technology Signals Program Project update to APTA June 13, 1995 T. J. Sullivan Director, New Technology Signals Division of Electrical Systems

MTA - New York City Transit 2 New Technology Signals Program n Program background n Consultant Study n Procurement and Schedule

MTA - New York City Transit 3 Existing NYC Transit Signal Systems 124,000 Vital Relays 124,000 Vital Relays 10,900 Wayside Signals 10,900 Wayside Signals 1,400 Track Switches 1,400 Track Switches 740 Miles of Signal Equipment 740 Miles of Signal Equipment 200 Interlockings 200 Interlockings 24 Master Towers 24 Master Towers Some systems are over 70 years old Some systems are over 70 years old MTA New York City Transit signal contracts and purchases represent 50% of the US signal equipment marketplace.

MTA - New York City Transit 4 Program Background n 1988 Initial NYCTA investigations – 1986 Vancouver SkyTrain sub-60 second headways – Research showed likely cost & operational benefits n 1991 Catastrophic 14th Street Accident – PTSB: Signal System operated as designed – PTSB: Investigate the feasibility of Installing a “State of the Art” Signal System – PTSB: Remove opportunities for human error n 1992 Pilot Installation for Staten Island Ry

MTA - New York City Transit 5 Changed to a Signal Study n Perform a world-wide Investigation n Recommend a Technology n Identify Maintenance issues and needs n Develop an Implementation Plan

MTA - New York City Transit 6 Consultant’s Signal Study M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M NTP Task 1 Recommend a Technology Peer Review Other Tasks Identify Support Issues Additional Tasks Range Estimating and additional study Peer Review * * * Requested by MTA/OK * *

MTA - New York City Transit 7 Europe, South America, Far East n London Underground n London Docklands Light Rail n Paris Metro (RATP) n Stockholm Transit n Sao Paulo, Brazil (METRO) n Hong Kong (MTRC)

MTA - New York City Transit 8 North America n Vancouver (BCRTC) SkyTrain n Toronto Transit (TTC) n San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit n San Francisco Municipal Railway n South Eastern Pennsylvania Transit Authority n Washington, D.C. (WMATA) n Los Angeles County MTA

MTA - New York City Transit 9 Two Basic Technologies n Traditional Fixed-block Technology – One-way communication from wayside to train – Physical blocks define train detection resolution n Modern Communications-based Technology – Two-way continuous vital communications between trains and the control center – No physical blocks (Software replaces Hardware) – Also know as “moving block” technology

MTA - New York City Transit 10 Fixed-Block Train Control William Robinson -1872

MTA - New York City Transit 11 Traditional Technology (Fixed Block) BLOCK 1 BLOCK 2 BLOCK 3 Assumed Position of Train A Train A Train B n Train control and position information is poor n Expensive to install, maintain, and modify n Not practical to make “Fault Tolerant”

MTA - New York City Transit 12 NYCT Fixed-block Signal Systems n Track side equipment accounts for most of costs – Installation costs are increasing – Track access time is limited n Track side equipment accounts for most failures – Approximately 1,000 signal maintainers – System is “Fail Safe” ==> “Fail Stop” – Mean Time Between Failures is 10 hours

MTA - New York City Transit 13 Communications-based Train Control Claude Shannon C = B log 2 ( 1+ S/N) If the information rate of a message source is less than the channel capacity then the message can be transmitted without error.

MTA - New York City Transit 14 Modern “CBS” Technology (Communications-based Signalling) Computer R C C C R = Digital Radio C = Computer n Permits maximum use of infrastructure & vehicles n Few mechanical adjustments means less maintenance n Improved safety yet it is t n Improved safety yet it is totally and inherently flexible n Inexpensive micro-computers permit “Fault Tolerant” n Overall Finding: Better and Cheaper

MTA - New York City Transit 15 Cities with, installing or planning Communications-based Train Control Alcatel Other Planned, supplier not yet selected

MTA - New York City Transit 16 Next Generation Trains likely 4-5 car consists n Additional passenger space in non-end cars n Increased reliability by eliminating electric couplers n Shared equipment among cars reduces maintenance n On-board vehicle train control equipment required

MTA - New York City Transit 17 Coordinate Car Specifications with Train Control Specifications n Make provisions for train control equipment n Specify car/train control system interfaces n Synergy by integrating subsystems n Reduced overall system costs R C C R

MTA - New York City Transit 18 Vehicle Train Control Equipment R C C R n Factory equip cars whenever possible n Consist redundancy ensures high availability n Cost is approximately 4 % per car $150,000

MTA - New York City Transit 19 Train and Wayside Train Control R C COMPUTER A

MTA - New York City Transit 20 Full System Redundancy R C COMPUTER A B n “Fail Operational” rather than “Fail Stop” n Maintenance can be better managed n Enhanced Safety and Reduced Operating Costs

MTA - New York City Transit 21 Technology Costs and Benefits Compared Performance Cost Fixed Block Communications-based Technology Limit

MTA - New York City Transit 22 Technology Costs and Benefits Compared Performance Cost Fixed Block Communications-based Technology Limit

MTA - New York City Transit 23 Technology Costs and Benefits Compared Performance Cost Fixed Block Communications-based Technology Limit

MTA - New York City Transit 24 Communications Based Signalling Summary of Findings n Technology is both better and cheaper n NYC Transit’s Steering Committee concurs n Two International Peer Reviews agreed n MTA’s Independent Engineer agreed

MTA - New York City Transit 25 Procurement Issues n Presently, all CBS systems are incompatible n NYCT will develop “RFP” performance specifications that will ensure multiple sources of compatible equipment n Worldwide, the Signal Industry understands, agrees, and is beginning to respond

MTA - New York City Transit 26 Procurement Process RFP SHORTLIST 2-3

MTA - New York City Transit 27 Procurement Process RFP Possible Alliances SHORTLIST 2-3

MTA - New York City Transit 28 Procurement Process RFP Possible Alliances SHORTLIST 2-3 Comprehensive Demonstration Test A B

MTA - New York City Transit 29 RFP Possible Alliances SHORTLIST 2-3 Comprehensive Demonstration Test Install Pilot Line Procurement Process A B

MTA - New York City Transit 30 RFP Possible Alliances SHORTLIST 2-3 Comprehensive Demonstration Test SELECT NYCT STANDARD FORM, FIT FUNCTION SPECS FORM, FIT FUNCTION SPECS FORM, FIT FUNCTION SPECS FORM, FIT FUNCTION SPECS Install Pilot Line Procurement Process A B

MTA - New York City Transit 31 RFP Possible Alliances SHORTLIST 2-3 Minimum Two Compatible Sources SELECT NYCT STANDARD PROCURE ALTERNATE SOURCE FORM, FIT FUNCTION SPECS FORM, FIT FUNCTION SPECS FORM, FIT FUNCTION SPECS FORM, FIT FUNCTION SPECS Install Pilot Line Procurement Process A B

MTA - New York City Transit 32 n Study - Complete n Radio Propagation Testing - On-going n Consultant Work Scope - Nearly completed n Schedule for Canarsie – 2/96 Award Consultant Contract – 2/98 Start Test Phase – 2/99 Start Construction (A Contractor) – 2/01 Start Construction (Alternate Source) – 2/03 Beneficial Use Implementation Schedule (Canarsie)

MTA - New York City Transit 33 On-Line BBS & Internet n BBS: (212) –Electronic Mail –Download Files –1.2/2.4/9.6/14.4/28.8 kbps: 8N1 ANSI n Internet Access –Web Page/ World Wide Web - TBD

MTA - New York City Transit 34 Questions and Discussion