Review: Mongolia Who were the Mongols: What did they do: What technologies did they adopt/develop: Who were important Mongols: The Mongols who took over Russia were known as the: The Pax Mongolia resulted in… A Nomadic herding group- great horsemen Rallied to take over most of Asia, including China and Russia Compound Bow, Stirrup, cannon and Gunpowder (Golden Eagles) Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan The Golden Horde More Trade along the Silk Road resulting in cultural diffusion but also the Black Death

East Asia

Chinese Dynasties Two of the most influential of the Chinese Dynasties were the Tang and Song Dynasties These dynasties were important in developing China’s culture prior to the Mongol invasions. The Tang Dynasty controlled most of Vietnam, Korea and Tibet. The areas they controlled remained independent but had to pay tribute. The Song Dynasty replaced the Tang until the Mongols over ran China in 1279

Tang and Song The Tang and Song adopted the Confucian belief in Social order, duty and proper behavior. They continued the use of the Civil Service Exam, which allowed only the educated rich to take part in the government. Society was rigid (unchanging) during these dynasties: Gentry (Nobles) Peasants Merchants

Tang/Song Accomplishments Grand Canal- connected North and South China for trade and transportation. It is roughly the distance from Rome to Paris. (over 1,104 miles long!!) Increased foreign trade and a created paper currency (money) Art developed to include calligraphy, pagoda buildings and porcelain

Korea “A shrimp Among Whales”- Korea is a tiny nation next to the giant China and Russia. Korea is in the North East of China and they are separated by mountains and the Yalu River Korea is a Peninsula with many mountains The peninsula points towards Japan, making it the perfect cultural bridge to spread culture from China and Korea to Japan.

Korea, China and Confucius Korea sees themselves as the ‘younger brother’ to China and accepted help in their development. Many ideas of government, Buddhism and the Civil Service exams passed to Korea. Though the Koreans adopt many ideas from China they reject the complicated Chinese Writing style. They developed their own writing called hangul. The Hangul made it easier to learn and caused Korea’s Literacy rate to soar. Chinese….Korean

Japan geography -Archipelago east of Korea -non-farmable mountains -seas protect and isolate Japan -Part of Asia though off the mainland Part of the Ring of Fire, a section of the earth subject to frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. 0:00-3:00

Earthquake  Tsunami In the Ring of Fire, sometimes the earthquakes occur under the water, and resulting in a Tsunami, or large tidal waves. In 2011, a large Earthquake occurred off the coast of Japan. That Earthquake resulted in a Tsunami which killed thousands of Japanese.

Ancient Japan Japan’s mountains made it difficult to unite (Think about Greece’s city states) Different areas were controlled by clans, known as Uji. This a decentralized government. There was no unifying force in Japan, politically or religious. Most Japanese practiced a form of Shinto, or nature Worship

Shinto Review: Shinto is based on worship of Nature. The Japanese believe in harmony between living spirits. Nature spirits are known as Kami Unlike other religions, Shinto never spread beyond Japan, but can be compared to animism. Shinto declines when Buddhism arrives in Japan around 500 CE

Cultural Bridge: Korea Japan owes much of its development to cultural diffusion from China, which passed through Korea, the Cultural Bridge. Though Japan receives many ideas from China, they will adapt them to their own needs CE800CE CE -Japanese travelled to China to study Chinese Civilization -Japanese capital modeled after China’s -Adopt the food, dress and language from China -tea ceremony, music, dance styles, etc are adopted The Japanese STOP travelling to China -Keep some Chinese ideas -Japanese artists develop art that focus on Nature’s Force -Change the Chinese writing system to make it easier

Cultural Diffusion Pagoda- Curved roofs at each story Writing (but added Kana) Buddhism Wood Block prints- cheap art for commoners

Zen Buddhism Zen Buddhism spread from China to Japan through the cultural Bridge= ________ Zen Buddhists focus on reaching enlightenment through meditation ] Zem Buddhists don’t focus on holy scripture, rituals or sacraments. Instead they use meditation to reach a sudden and inspirational breakthrough. Today there are approximately 9.5 million Zen Buddhists in Japan and another several million in the United States. Korea

Japan Selective Culture Despite the many ideas, beliefs and technologies that the Japanese adopted from China, there were several items they did not adopt. For example, the Japanese shunned the Civil Service Exam, and instead kept the practice of giving important government positions to the family members. Father to son hand down.

Japan’s Feudalism Japan’s Feudal system was very like Europe’s because it kept rigid social structures, created social order and was a form of protection. At the top of society was a weak Emperor, with little real power. The Shoguns were next, and were powerful military leaders. Followed by the daimyo, or nobles. The peasants were the largest of the classes, and below them were the merchants. Merchants were the bottom of society because they made money off of the work of others.

Japanese Feudal system

Japanese Samurai The samurai were the warriors of Japan. They swore allegiance to their daimyo, and did not fear death. All samurai followed the code of Bushido. This was a code of conduct, translated as the ‘way of the warrior’ All Samurai strove for honor, bravery, and absolute loyalty. If they violated Bushido they were expected to commit Seppuku, a ritual suicide.

Bushido and Chivalry Bushido and Chivalry were codes of moral conduct for the warrior class. Bushido stressed Honor, loyalty and Bravery Chivalry stressed loyalty, respect to women and proper fighting. The Code of Bushido was more successful in controlling the Samurai than the code of Chivalry for the European Knights

Mongol Invasions In the 1200s the Mongols had taken China, and quickly spread to their other territories. However, on their attempts to take over the Mongols encountered Typhoons. The Typhoons destroyed the Mongol fleets. The Japanese said the Kamikaze (divine Winds) saved them from the Mongols

Tokugawa Shogunate Most of Japan was ruled by the Feudal system and small but powerful Daimyo. In 1603 Tokugawa Ieyasu took over and gained control over most of the Japanese Archipelago. This marks the first unified Japan.

Tokugawa Shogunate Attempted to end the wars between feudal daimyo. The Shogun forced the nobles to live in the capital city of Edo every other year. Their wives and children lived there permanently. Daimyo could not repair their castles, marry or leave without permission. Laws were passed to keep the social order rigid, and unchanging.

Achievements Despite strict social order the economy under the Tokugawa Shoguns improved greatly. Time of peace allowed the farmers to focus on agriculture and develop better farming techniques and technology. Peace also meant more internal __________ Despite an increase in trade, the merchants were kept low in society, why? Trade

Tokugawa Isolation The most important act taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the isolation of Japan Japan cut itself off from trade with other people and cultures, they only allowed limited trade for supplies with China and Korea. Japan would be isolated for over 300 years

Review Korea greatly influenced the development of early Japan by 1)Acting as a bridge for ideas from China 2)Providing Japan with the technology for industrialization 3)Serving as a barrier against Chinese aggression 4)Protecting Japan from early foreign invasions.

Review In Japan between 1603 and 1868 the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the 1)Military conquest of China 2)Development of extensive trade with the Americas 3)Formation of cultural links with Europe 4)Virtual isolation of the country from the outside world

Review The code of Bushido of the Japanese Samurai is the most similar to 1)Belief in reincarnation and karma of Hindus 2)Practice of chivalry by European knights 3)Teachings of Judaism 4)Theory of natural rights of the Enlightenment writers

Review Which is a characteristic of a Feudal Society? 1. Rapid social change 2. High literacy rate 3. industrial-based economy 4. Rigid class structure

Review A valid generalization about early Japanese culture is that Japan 1.Had a strong influence on the development of culture in Korea 2.Spread Shinto throughout Asia 3.Maintained a uniquely individual culture while borrowing much from other cultures 4.Imported almost all of its cultural ideas from China, resulting in nearly identical cultures

Tsunami LDs