 The High Renaissance The Rise of Rome

 Medici Dynasty ends in 1492  End of “Golden Age”  Medici Family survives in Church Florence controlled by Savonarola Savonarola

Renaissance Rome  Center of the “High Renaissance”( )  Break from antiquity  Peak of skill  Art to reproduce the natural world  Strong secular Popes  Ambitious members of powerful families  Outspend previous Pope  PATRONAGE  Convergence of extreme talent  Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bramante, Titian Vatican Museum and Sistine Chapel

Julius II – The Warrior Pope  Aggressive foreign policy  Reinstate control over Papal States  Large scale building projects  St. Peter’s Basilica  Great patron of the arts  Sistine Chapel ceiling  Raphael Rooms in Vatican

St. Peter’s Basilica - Rome  Largest church in the world  668 ft long nave  137 ft wide dome  430 ft tall  Site of remains of Saint Peter  One of the most holy sites in Western Christendom  Construction begun by Pope Julius II, 1506

 Comparing Domes

Saint Peter’s Interior - Cathedra

Pope Leo X  A Medici Pope.  Giovanni de Medici ( )  Son of Lorenzo  Spends the entire Papal bank account in one year  Started selling Indulgences to pay for St. Peters

Leonardo da Vinci – THE Renaissance Man  Artist, Sculptor, Engineer, Architect, Scientist, Inventor  The “L’uomo Universale”  Dissected human corpses  Worked largely in Florence and Milan  Spent later years in France with Francis I as a patron

Virtruvian Man Drawing of Womb

Leonardo da Vinci

Da Vinci’s Flying Machines

The Last Supper – Convent of Santa Maria, Milan

The Last Supper - Deterioration

The Last Supper – Perspective

Mona Lisa or da Vinci?

Raphael Sanzio   Died at age 37  Most famous works are frescoes in the Vatican Palace  Raphael Rooms  Fresco: A type of painting which is painted onto wet plaster  Portraits and Madonnas  St. Peter’s architect after Bramate

School of Athens

Michelangelo Buronatti  Sculptor  La Pieta  David  Tomb of Pope Julius II  Painter  Sistine Chapel Ceiling  Last Judgement  Architect  St. Peter’s Basilica  Medici Chapel  Rival of da Vinci  "His nature was so rough and uncouth that his domestic habits were incredibly squalid, and deprived posterity of any pupils who might have followed him." “I saw the angel in the marble and carved until I set him free.”

Cappella Sistina  Pope Sixtus IV  Pope Julius II  Michelangelo  Ceiling,  L.J.,

Sistine Chapel Today "After four tortured years, more than 400 over life-size figures, I felt as old and as weary as Jeremiah. I was only 37, yet friends did not recognize the old man I had become." man

Sistine Chapel Ceiling  Commissioned by Julius II  40 Sculpture Tomb  Painted between  12,000 square feet  9 Scenes from the Book of Genesis: 3 Creation, 3 Adam/Eve, 3 Noah

Creation of Man

Sistine Chapel Restoration

 The Last Judgment  Covers entire wall behind altar in Sistine Chapel   Post Reformation view of Christianity  Nudity and Social Status  “Fig Leaf Campaign”  Departure from traditional last judgment scenes

 “It was mostly disgraceful that in so sacred a place there should have been depicted all those nude figures, exposing themselves so shamefully…more appropriate for the public baths and taverns." -Biagio da Cesena Minos – Judge of Hades Donkey ears Serpent Cesena: “He painted me in Hell. You have to get me out of Hell!” Pope: “I can get people out of purgatory, but only God can get you out of Hell!”