Who do you believe is the most famous explorer of all time? Why? Give as many facts about your explorer as possible.

Australia Early Exploration

Why did Europeans send explorers? Sea route to the spices of AsiaSea route to the spices of Asia Gold, silver, precious stonesGold, silver, precious stones Curiosity; expand knowledgeCuriosity; expand knowledge Control; powerControl; power Spread ChristianitySpread Christianity Animal fursAnimal furs

First Inhabitants

20,000-60,000 B.C. AboriginesAborigines Scientist do not agree to how these natives arrivedScientist do not agree to how these natives arrived 1. Island hoppers 2. Land bridge

Earliest Explorers

Willem Jansz 1570? Netherlands Sent by Dutch East Indies Company to explore route south of Indies First European (Dutch) to see and land on the continent of Australia

Louis de Torres 1606 Spanish Sailed through Torres Strait but never landed in Australia

TorresStrait

Abel Tasman 1603 Dutch Explored northern coast of Australia (1642) Discovered island of Tasmania; called it “Van Diemen’s Land” after General of Dutch East Indies

Abel Tasman

Abel Tasman’s 1 st Voyage

Abel Tasman’s 2nd Voyage

Broome, Australia X

Port Hedland X

William Dampier 1652 Buccaneer (pirate); not for wealth but curiosity 1688 became British navigator; sent by British to find Terra Australis Explored Australia’s coast and other large areas of the far South Pacific

First Englishman to visit Australia (New Holland) Lands on western shore of “New Holland” Bad Luck – bad ship, bad crew, scurvy, ship sank on return voyage Court marshaled; forbidden from joining navy

First Englishman to visit Australia (New Holland) Lands on western shore of “New Holland” Bad Luck – bad ship, bad crew, scurvy, ship sank on return voyage Court marshaled; forbidden from joining navy So….

James Cook 1728 British “discovered” Australia

Cook’s First Voyage “Purpose” – voyage to Tahiti to observe passage of Venus between the earth and the sun“Purpose” – voyage to Tahiti to observe passage of Venus between the earth and the sun Rio de Janeiro, east coast of Australia (New Holland), East Indies (Indonesia), Indian Ocean, Cape of Good HopeRio de Janeiro, east coast of Australia (New Holland), East Indies (Indonesia), Indian Ocean, Cape of Good Hope

Accomplishments… Returned July, 1771Returned July, 1771 Claimed AustraliaClaimed Australia Explored, charted, mapped islands of PacificExplored, charted, mapped islands of Pacific Developed a way to prevent scurvyDeveloped a way to prevent scurvy

Scurvy Disease caused by malnutritionDisease caused by malnutrition Affected many sailorsAffected many sailors Resulted in illness and deathResulted in illness and death Prevention….Prevention…. eat “lots” of veggies!!!!!!

Cook’s Second Voyage July, 1772July, 1772 Purpose – find a large southern continent to balance the continents of the Northern HemispherePurpose – find a large southern continent to balance the continents of the Northern Hemisphere Tip of Africa, headed southTip of Africa, headed south Forced to turn around because of huge masses of iceForced to turn around because of huge masses of ice Came within 75 miles of AntarcticaCame within 75 miles of Antarctica

Cook’s Second Voyage… New Zealand for the winterNew Zealand for the winter Sailed again in the spring past Antarctic CircleSailed again in the spring past Antarctic Circle

Accomplishments… Concluded “No habitable southern continent”Concluded “No habitable southern continent” Discovered several islands of the PacificDiscovered several islands of the Pacific Accurate mapsAccurate maps

Cook’s Third Voyage July, 1776July, 1776 Purpose – search for Northwest PassagePurpose – search for Northwest Passage Tip of Africa, New Zealand (Cook Strait), Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), Oregon, British Columbia, Alaska, Bering Strait, Bering SeaTip of Africa, New Zealand (Cook Strait), Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), Oregon, British Columbia, Alaska, Bering Strait, Bering Sea Halted by Arctic ice; returned to Hawaii for winterHalted by Arctic ice; returned to Hawaii for winter

Accomplishments… February, 1779February, 1779 While in Hawaii, investigated a theftWhile in Hawaii, investigated a theft Killed by a nativeKilled by a native

Matthew Flinders EnglandEngland Sailed around Australia proving it to be one large land massSailed around Australia proving it to be one large land mass Named AustraliaNamed Australia