IDENTIFICATION Dr. AJEE KURUVILLA

Anthropometry- Bertillonage Habitual Criminals Register- Great Britain 1882- Anthropometry introduced by Alphonse Bertillon Based on measurements of – total height, span of arms, ht. of trunk, length & width of head, length & width of right ear, length of left foot, left middle & ring finger, left forearm 1888- Dept of Judicial Identity Probability- 1 in 4 million

Evolution of finger print as identification tool 1820- Prof Johann Purkinje 1860- William Herschel Same period- Dr Henry Faulds reported in 1880 1891- Francis Galton published paper on classification of finger prints Edward Henry-simple classification 1914- Alphonse Bertillon died a shattered man

FINGER PRINTS

Fingerprint / Dactylography / Dermatoglyphics Dactylography is the process of taking impressions of the pulp of fingers and thumbs on an unglazed white paper and examining them with a magnifying lens.

Principle Fingers covered with characteristic ridges – permanent & unique Different even in twins Locard’s principle of exchange When 2 objects come in contact with each other, there will be always a mutual transference of material from each other

Arches

Loops

Whorl & Mixed (Composite)

Classification 4 basic fingerprint patterns: Loop – 65 % Whorl – 25 % Arch – 7 % Composite (Mixed) – 3 % Arches : plain arches or tented arches. Loops : radial or ulnar, depending on the side of the hand the tail points towards. Composites: central pocket loop, double loop, accidentals

16 -20 points of fine comparison are accepted as proof of identity Points for comparison Presence of center [core] and triangle [delta] in the print Presence of pores [poroscopy] Minutae of ridges- ridge ending, bifurcation, spur formation, dots, lakes, broken ridge, short ridge etc 16 -20 points of fine comparison are accepted as proof of identity

Recording of fingerprints Plain impression: Gentle pressing of inked surface of tip of finger / thumb on the paper Rolled impression: Rolling the inked finger / thumb from side to side In criminals: Impressions of all the digits of both the hands are taken & preserved by police for future identification In dead body: dried finger tips (soaked in an alkaline solution); if skin peeled off (dermis or peeled-off skin hardened by formalin)

Latent print: Although the word latent means hidden or invisible, in forensic science the term latent prints means any chance or accidental impression on a surface, regardless of whether it is visible or invisible at the time of deposition Plastic print: A finger or palm impression deposited in a material that retains the shape of the ridge detail. Example: Soft matrrials like wax, soap, clay, etc. Visible print : impression on blood, paint, dust, dye which can be recorded by photography

Poroscopy Study of pores of sweat glands in the papillary ridges of epidermis Number of pores, their size, shape & site in a given length of a ridge - individualistic

Foot prints Study of impressions of foot Comparison of Dermatoglyphics Measurements of parts Stature = max foot length/ 0.15 Walking foot print Recorded by photographs / casts

Scars Acquired defect Result of repair mechanism Covered by epithelium Devoid of pigmentation, sweat glands, hair follicles MLI: identification, nature of injury, causative agent, age of scar

Cheiloscopy Study of lip prints Linear Bifurcate Reticular Undetermined 24 individual characteristics

Rugoscopy Study of palatal rugae Protected from Trauma Individual Do not change during growth Harrison Allen (1889) Primary rugae, secondary rugae, fragmented rugae

Forensic Odontology (Forensic Dentistry) Identification: Comparing antemortem (AM) & postmortem (PM) records burnt,mutilated, decomposing remains Estimation of age Race, occupation, sex Bite marks Diagnosis of poisoning

6. The finger print system (dactylography) was devised by a) H.H. Asquith . b) Francis Galton. c) Alphonse Bertillon d) Edward Henry

8. The term “latent fingerprint” refers to a) Invisible fingerprint on any surface that requires developing . b) Visible fingerprinting made on soft surface c) Visible print made by finger contaminated with blood, paint etc. d) all the above

9. One of the following is NOT a type of fingerprint a) Circle . b) Loop c) Arch d) Whorl

For positive identification by comparing For positive identification by comparing fingerprints, the minimum number of points of similarity of minutiae is a) 4-5 b) 6-10 c) 11-15 d) 16-20

11. Fingerprint impressions left by fingers contaminated by blood or paint at a scene of crime are referred to as a) Visible prints. b) Latent prints. c) Plastic prints. d) Chance prints..

12. Fingerprint impressions left on soft substance such as wax or clay at a scene of crime are a) Visible prints. b) Latent prints. c) Plastic prints. d) Chance prints..

13. Of all the patterns of fingerprints, the commonest pattern is a) Arch b) Loop. c) Whorl. d) Composite

14. Cheiloscopy is the study of a) Epidermal ridges. b) Palatal rugae. c) Skull sutures. d) Lip prints .

15. The study of epidermal ridges and their configuration is referred to as a) Dactylography . b) Dermatoglyphics. c) Anthropometry. d) Rugoscopy .

16. All the following are types of lip prints EXCEPT a) Linear. b) Bifurcate. c) Reticular. d) Fragmented.

17. Bertillion system is applicable to : a) Adults. b) Children . c) Infants. d) All of them.

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