Annus duodecim menses habet…

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Presentation transcript:

Annus duodecim menses habet… Roman Calendar Annus duodecim menses habet…

Menses Januarius Februarius Martius Aprilis Maius Junius Julius Augustus September October November December

Original Roman Calendar Lunar Calendar = new moon averaged every 29.5 days At the time of Romulus, the calendar started with “Martius” named after “Mars” because it was the month the Romans would go to war.

Romulus’ Calendar Martius Aprilis Maius Junius Quintilis (5) Sextilis (6) September (7) October (8) November (9) December (10)

Menses Aprilis - comes from the verb “aperire” which means to open Month in which the flowers open Sacred to Venus (festival to honor her held on first day of month)

Menses Maius - named after Maia, the Greek goddess of fertility (Bona Dea festival held in May) Junius - named after Juno, Roman goddess of marriage June is a “favorable” time for marriage

Januarius / Februarius 2nd King of Rome : Numa added these two months in 713 BC Januarius - named after Janus, the two faced god (ianua = door) to symbolize the turning of the year Februarius - named after the word “februum” which means purification Februratio held on February 15th (cleaning)

Dates Kalends : first day of the month, new moon (where we get the word calendar) Nones : 8th day of the month, half moon (also the market day) Ides : half way through the month, full moon (auspicious day)

Ides the fifteenth day.” Nones and Ides "March, May, July, October, These are they, Make Nones the seventh, Ides the fifteenth day.” In all other months, the Nones were on the 5th, and the Ides were on the 13th day.

Dates The Kalends, Nones, and Ides are important because Romans COUNTED BACKWARDS from these markers to tell the date Example: March 14th : Pridie Ides Martius

Dates The day before is called PRIDIE Other days were a.d. NN Example: October 31st : Pridie Kalends November Other days were a.d. NN Abbreviation for ante diem NN (meaning on the NNth day before) September 28 = a.d. III Kalends October

Julius/Augustus In 44BC, the month Quintilis was renamed Julius in honor of Julius Caesar In 8BC, the month Sextilis was renamed Augustus in honor of Augustus Thus, the Julian Calendar

PRACTICE Using the Latin dating system, figure out these dates : Your Birthday New Year’s (Jan 1st) Magistra’s Birthday (Mar 11th) Valentine’s Day (Feb 14th) America’s Independence Day (July 4th) Labor Day (Sept 7th) Thanksgiving (Nov 26th) Christmas (Dec 25th)

Practice Answers Your Birthday New Year’s (Jan 1st) = Kalends Januarius Valentine’s Day (Feb 14th) = a.d. XV Kalends Martius Magistra’s Birthday (Mar 11th) = a.d. IV Ides Martius

Practice Answers America’s Independence Day (July 4th) = a.d. III Nones Julius Labor Day (Sept 7th) = a.d. VI Ides September Thanksgiving (Nov 26th) = a.d. V Kalends December Christmas (Dec 25th) a.d. VII Kalends Janarius

tempus anni Spring : ver Summer : aestas Autumn : autumnus Winter : hiems